Hepatitis B virus taxonomy and hepatitis B virus genotypes

Schaefer, Stephan

doi:10.3748/wjg.v13.i1.14

Cited by 309 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…In addition, a limitation of this study was that only one strain of HBV (HepAD38, genotype D) was tested in this model because HepAD38 has been widely used for the vigorous production of HBV virions. However, there are eight genotypes of HBV (Schaefer, 2007) and different mutants, which may cause varying degrees of clinical viral hepatitis. It is possible that other HBV strains, e.g., other genotypes and/or HBeAg-negative isolates, could behave differently in terms of viral protein expression and infectivity, which need to be further studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productive HBV infection of well-differentiated, hNTCP-expressing human hepatoma-derived (Huh7) cells

et al. 2017

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Feasible and effective cell models for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are required for investigating the complete lifecycle of this virus, including the early steps of viral entry. Resistance to dimethyl sulfoxide/polyethylene glycol (DMSO/PEG), hNTCP expression, and a differentiated state are the limiting factors for successful HBV infection models. In the present study, we used a hepatoma cell line (Huh7D hNTCP ) to overcome these limiting factors so that it exhibits excellent susceptibility to HBV infection. To achieve this goal, different hepatoma cell lines were tested with 2.5% DMSO / 4% PEG8000, and one resistant cell line (Huh7D) was used to construct a stable hNTCP-expressing cell line (Huh7D hNTCP ) using a recombinant lentivirus system. Then, the morphological characteristics and differentiation molecular markers of Huh7D hNTCP cells with or without DMSO treatment were characterized. Finally, the susceptibility of Huh7D hNTCP cells to HBV infection was assessed. Our results showed that Huh7D cells were resistant to 2.5% DMSO / 4% PEG8000, whereas the others were not. Huh7D hNTCP cells were established to express a high level of hNTCP compared to liver extracts, and Huh7D hNTCP cells rapidly transformed into a non-dividing, well-differentiated polarized phenotype under DMSO treatment. Huh7D hNTCP cells fully supported the entire lifecycle of HBV infection. This cell culture system will be useful for the analysis of host-virus interactions, which should facilitate the discovery of antiviral drugs and vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productive HBV infection of well-differentiated, hNTCP-expressing human hepatoma-derived (Huh7) cells

et al. 2017

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“…4 Adjusted relative risks for hepatocellular carcinoma in 3,653 hepatitis B virus carriers stratified by baseline serum HBV DNA levels in a population-based prospective cohort study [33] (Ba), and C1 (Cs)/C2 (Ce) differ widely in many virologic aspects. These subgenotypes also display distinct geographic distribution as genotypes do [41]. For example, in Asian countries, subgenotype B1 dominates in Japan and B2 in China and Vietnam.…”

Section: Genotype and Subgenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, ample evidence has recognized that HBV genotypes influence the natural course of liver disease in HBV carriers, especially in Asian countries where genotypes B and C prevail. Several recent reviews have summarized current knowledge on this issue [26,38,39,[41][42][43]. In addition, owing to the unique distribution of HBV genotypes in Asian and Western countries, the clinical significance and virologic characteristics of HBV genotype could be reliably compared only between genotypes B and C (Table 4) or genotypes A and D (Table 5).…”

Section: Genotype and Subgenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of viral factors in the natural course and therapy of chronic hepatitis B

Kao

2007

Hepatol Int

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem that causes a wide spectrum of liver disease, including acute or fulminant hepatitis, inactive carrier state, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of hepatocyte damage associated with HBV is mainly through immune-mediated mechanisms. On the basis of the virus and host interactions, the natural history of HBV carriers who are infected in early life can be divided into four dynamic phases. The frequency, extent, and severity of hepatitis flares or acute exacerbation in the second immune clearance and/or fourth reactivation phase predict liver disease progression in HBV carriers. In the past decade, hepatitis B viral factors including serum HBV DNA level, genotype, and naturally occurring mutants predictive of clinical outcomes have been identified. The higher the serum HBV DNA level after the immune clearance phase, the higher the incidence of adverse outcomes over time. In addition, high viral load, genotype C, basal core promoter mutation, and pre-S deletion correlate with increased risk of cirrhosis and HCC development. As to the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, patients with high HBV DNA level and genotype C or D infection are shown to have a worse response to interferon therapy. In conclusion, serum HBV DNA level, genotype, and naturally occurring mutants are identified to influence liver disease progression and therapy of chronic hepatitis B. More investigations are needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms of the viral factors involved in the pathogenesis of each stage of liver disease and the response to antiviral treatments.

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“…These genetic differences have led to the classification of the HBV into eight genotypes (A-H), which are divided into subgenotypes with distinct virological and epidemiological properties 26 . Few genotype data are available in Brazil, but it is known that A, D and F are the main genotypes circulating in the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Point mutations in the S gene that result in amino acid substitutions in the common "a" antigenic determinant, which lies between amino acids 124 and 147, can alter B-cell epitopes of HBsAg, leading 26 to variants that escape from the host immune response elicited by vaccination or previous infection 16 . WALLACE & CARMAN (1997) suggested increasing the area of investigation in the "S" region to include the entire major hydrophilic region (MHR) which comprises amino acids 99 to 169.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Hepatitis B virus strain in southwestern Paraná, Brazil, presenting mutations previously associated with anti-HBs Resistance

Bertolini

Ribeiro

Lemos

et al. 2010

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe present study investigated if hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants circulate in the southwestern region of the State of Paraná, Brazil, by analyzing samples from children who received immunoprophylaxis but were born to HBV carrier mothers. Samples from 25 children were screened for HBV serum markers and for HBV DNA by PCR. Only one sample was positive for HBsAg, anti-HBs and HBV DNA, although the child had been vaccinated. Analysis of the S gene sequence of this sample showed the presence of a proline at position 105, a serine at position 114, three threonines at positions 115, 116 and 140, and a glutamine at position 129. The presence of these amino acids, except for serine at position 114, has been related to monoclonal or polyclonal therapy with anti-HBs after liver transplantation, whereas the presence of threonine at position 116 has been described in immunized children from Singapore. This finding demonstrates the possible circulation of HBV strains resistant to hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis in southwestern Paraná, Brazil. The genotype of the sample was identified as genotype D, which is frequently found in the region studied. Since 36% of the children had received incomplete or no immunoprophylaxis, more extensive follow-up of children born to HBsAg-positive mothers is needed.

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Hepatitis B virus taxonomy and hepatitis B virus genotypes

Cited by 309 publications

References 96 publications

Productive HBV infection of well-differentiated, hNTCP-expressing human hepatoma-derived (Huh7) cells

Productive HBV infection of well-differentiated, hNTCP-expressing human hepatoma-derived (Huh7) cells

Role of viral factors in the natural course and therapy of chronic hepatitis B

Characterization of a Hepatitis B virus strain in southwestern Paraná, Brazil, presenting mutations previously associated with anti-HBs Resistance

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