Hepatitis B Virus: Infection, liver disease, carcinogen or syndemic threat? Remodelling the clinical and public health response

Matthews, Philippa C.; Maponga, Tongai; Ghosh, Indrajit; Lemoine, Maud; Ocama, Ponsiano; Abubakar, Ibrahim; Story, Alistair; Flanagan, Stuart

doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0001359

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of HBV-associated HCC (hazard ratio 1.36, 95% CI 1.23–1.49)( Campbell et al, 2021 ). The HBV inclusion health agenda must therefore take a ‘syndemic’ approach, namely to tackle viral hepatitis not as an isolated challenge but recognising its place amongst complex social, physical and mental health challenges and addressing the person as a whole ( Mendenhall, 2017 ; Matthews et al, 2022b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The forgotten people: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a priority for the inclusion health agenda

Martyn

Eisen

Longley

et al. 2023

eLife

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a significant global health threat, accounting for 300 million chronic infections and up to 1 million deaths each year. HBV disproportionately affects people who are under-served by health systems due to social exclusion, and can further amplify inequities through its impact on physical and mental health, relationship with stigma and discrimination, and economic costs. The ‘inclusion health’ agenda focuses on excluded and vulnerable populations, who often experience barriers to accessing healthcare, and are under-represented by research, resources, interventions, advocacy, and policy. In this article, we assimilate evidence to establish HBV on the inclusion health agenda, and consider how this view can inform provision of better approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. We suggest approaches to redress the unmet need for HBV interventions among excluded populations as an imperative to progress the global goal for the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The forgotten people: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a priority for the inclusion health agenda

Martyn

Eisen

Longley

et al. 2023

eLife

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“…Extensive scientific evidence supports the notion that the hepatitis B vaccine confers long-lasting protection, with recent research affirming immunity for at least 25 years in individuals exhibiting a robust immune response from the vaccine series [ 346 , 347 ]. Hepatitis B, caused by HBV, can lead to both acute and chronic liver diseases, emphasizing the importance of vaccination to prevent complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [ 348 ]. HBV is a highly infectious virus transmitted through exposure to infected blood or body fluids, with perinatal and horizontal transmission being common in endemic areas [ 349 , 350 ].…”

Section: Vaccines and Adverse Reactions After Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacovigilance in Vaccines: Importance, Main Aspects, Perspectives, and Challenges—A Narrative Review

Hodel,

Fiuza,

Conceição

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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Pharmacovigilance plays a central role in safeguarding public health by continuously monitoring the safety of vaccines, being critical in a climate of vaccine hesitancy, where public trust is paramount. Pharmacovigilance strategies employed to gather information on adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) include pre-registration data, media reports, clinical trials, and societal reporting. Early detection of AEFIs during clinical trials is crucial for thorough safety analysis and preventing serious reactions once vaccines are deployed. This review highlights the importance of societal reporting, encompassing contributions from community members, healthcare workers, and pharmaceutical companies. Technological advancements such as quick response (QR) codes can facilitate prompt AEFI reporting. While vaccines are demonstrably safe, the possibility of adverse events necessitates continuous post-marketing surveillance. However, underreporting remains a challenge, underscoring the critical role of public engagement in pharmacovigilance. This narrative review comprehensively examines and synthesizes key aspects of virus vaccine pharmacovigilance, with special considerations for specific population groups. We explore applicable legislation, the spectrum of AEFIs associated with major vaccines, and the unique challenges and perspectives surrounding pharmacovigilance in this domain.

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“…The consequence of the interaction of HBV with hepatocytes spans a diverse range of liver-related diseases, encompassing acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and even the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a form of liver cancer. The clinical outcomes of HBV infection exhibit notable heterogeneity, with disease progression varying widely among affected individuals [ 8 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the Interplay: Exploring the Influence of Previous Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis A Virus, and Hepatitis E Virus Infections on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Narladkar,

Agrawal,

Bakshi

et al. 2023

Cureus

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The intricate interplay between viral infections and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents a fascinating and clinically significant intersection of virology and hepatology. This review article delves into the complex relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), and NAFLD. It outlines the shared mechanisms linking viral infections to NAFLD development, including their effects on lipid metabolism, immune responses, inflammation, and gut microbiota. The clinical implications of this interplay are explored, including challenges in diagnosis and management and potential therapeutic strategies. The review emphasises the need for a comprehensive understanding of these interactions as they impact disease progression, risk stratification, and treatment decisions. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of integrated approaches and personalised treatment paradigms for optimising patient care. As we navigate this intricate crossroads, the insights gained can reshape our understanding of liver health and contribute to more effective strategies for managing viral infections and NAFLD.

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Hepatitis B Virus: Infection, liver disease, carcinogen or syndemic threat? Remodelling the clinical and public health response

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

The forgotten people: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a priority for the inclusion health agenda

The forgotten people: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a priority for the inclusion health agenda

Pharmacovigilance in Vaccines: Importance, Main Aspects, Perspectives, and Challenges—A Narrative Review

Unravelling the Interplay: Exploring the Influence of Previous Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis A Virus, and Hepatitis E Virus Infections on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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