Hepatitis B Virus Infection and the Dialysis Patient

Fabrizi, Fabrizio; Messa, Piergiorgio; Martin, Paul

doi:10.1111/j.1525-139x.2008.00437.x

Cited by 87 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The agreement between HBsAg and HBV DNA was about 65%, perhaps due to low viral loads or transient detections, as observed by other authors (Fabrizi et al 2008c, Tseng et al 2008. Among the 19 cases that were positive for the surface antigen, the molecular method did not confirm viral infection in nine (47.3%) of the cases.…”

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confidence: 53%

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HBV markers in haemodialysis Brazilian patients: a prospective 12-month follow-up

Moreira

Deguti²,

Lemos

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among haemodialysis (HD) subjects and to evaluate whether testing for serological markers at the time of admission is suitable for HBV screening in this population. One hundred twenty-three patients belonging to two HD centres from SãoPaulo, Brazil, were tested prospectively. HBV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and HBsAg was detected in 3.3% of patients. These authors were in agreement that 54% of patients were either positive for HBsAg, HBV DNA or both. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the incidence of HBV among HD patients and to evaluate whether testing for serological markers at the time of admission is suitable for HBV screening in this population.All patients (n = 123) undergoing treatment in two HD centres from March 1997-April 1998 were included in this study. The study protocol was submitted and approved by the Ethical Committee of Adolfo Lutz Institute and an informed consent was obtained from each patient. These facilities were considered to be representative of local (São Paulo, Brazil) standard HD services. Both units were comparable in terms of the budget per subject, presence of an isolated area for HBV and HCV patients, recommendation of HBV vaccination for patients and staff and isolation of HBsAg-positive patients to the last shift of the HBV room. These HD centres had standard conditions as determined by Brazilian competent organs and by the CDC guidelines, including isolation of HBsAg-positive patients in a separate room and assignment of staff members to HBsAg-positive patients, but not to HBV-susceptible patients during the same shift, as well as assignment of a supply tray to each patient (CDC 2001, MS 2004.HD patients had previously received four doses of 40 µg of Engerix™ B, administered intramuscularly at zero, one, two and six months. Once a year, anti-HBs is quantified and one dose of vaccine is administered, if necessary. Patients had 10 mL of blood drawn from arterial-venous fistula just before the HD procedure, at the time of admission and on a monthly basis. Therefore, a total of 1,476 serum samples were obtained and separated into the following three aliquots: serological tests, PCR and reconfirmation, if necessary. Samples were stored at -20°C in a separate freezer.The first and the last samples from each patient were tested for HBV DNA using DNA extraction and nested PCR (core fragment) techniques, as previously described (Kaneko et al. 1989). All 1,476 samples were tested for HBsAg, total anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibodies using commercially available ELISA kits (Hepanostika™ Uni-

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confidence: 53%

“…In the South, the prevalence was reported to be 10% for HBsAg and 32.2% for anti-HBc (Carrilho et al 2004). Fabrizi et al (2008c) reported that the prevalence rate of HBsAg detection within dialysis units in developing countries remains between 2-20%.…”

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confidence: 99%

HBV markers in haemodialysis Brazilian patients: a prospective 12-month follow-up

Moreira

Deguti²,

Lemos

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…On the other hand, serum HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity ranges from less than 1% to 20% in patients on regular hemodialysis. However, outbreaks of acute HBV infection continue to occur in this setting (2). In a study conducted in Iran on changes in the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in dialysis patients, the prevalence of HBsAg positivity and HCVAb decreased from 3.8% and 14.4% in 1999 to 2.6% and 4.5% in 2006, respectively (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV Among Hemodialysis Patients Attending Duhok Hemodialysis Center

2017

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Background: Blood-borne viral infection is a public health problem, especially in high-risk patients, including those with renal failure. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: In this study, 94 patients were recruited and examined for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV antibodies (HCVAb), and HIV using ELISA assay. HCV positivity was confirmed via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The patients were followed-up by testing their blood samples for HBsAg, HCVAb, and HIV on a monthly basis. Results: At the beginning of the study, 3 out of 94 (3.2%) patients were HBsAg positive. In addition, 4 out of 94 (4.3%) patients were HCVAb positive; HCV-positive patients were confirmed via RT-PCR. In addition, three new samples (2 males and 1 female) became HCVAb positive during the follow up. New cases of infection might be associated with exposure to inadequately sterilized dialysis. All the recruited patients were negative for HIV throughout the study. Conclusions:The prevalence of HBsAg and HCV positivity in subjects undergoing hemodialysis was comparable to most neighboring countries. Strict infection control measures should be taken to prevent infection transmission.

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“…However, particularly in hemodialysis and renal transplant patients, HCV seroprevalence is still quite high compared to that in normal population (11,21,23). It has been reported that in developed countries, the rates of HBsAg and Anti-HCV seropositivity among hemodialysis patients are between 0-4% and 2.6-22.9% respectively (24)(25)(26).…”

Section: (100)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalance of the Hepatitis B and C in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease without History of Renal Replacement Therapy

Piskinpasa¹,

Akoglu²,

Ozkayar³

et al. 2013

Turk Neph Dial Transpl

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OBJECTIVE: Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses are signifi cant causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is insuffi cient data on seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in CKD patients without renal replacement therapy (RRT). MATERIAL and METHODS:Patients diagnosed as having CKD without RRT were analyzed. Seven hundred and eighty cases included study. RESULTS:The seroprevalence of HbsAg and Anti-HCV were 3.5% and 1.3%, respectively. The seroprevalence of Anti-HBsAb analyzed in 456 (58.4%) patients was 39.3%. The seroprevalence of HBsAg and Anti-HCV did not differ between the patients in early stage (stage 3) and advanced stage CKD (Stage 4 and 5) (p=0.26 and p=0.88, respectively). Seropositivity of Anti-HBsAb was 41.9% in early stage and 33.6% in advanced stage CKD (p=0.88). No difference was detected in seroprevalence of HbsAg and Anti-HCV when patients were grouped regarding the underlying disorders of CKD (p=0.95 and p=0.25, respectively). CONCLUSION:Higher seroprevalence of Anti-HCV in hemodialysis patients, according to studies carried out in our country, may be secondary to the exposure to HCV during hemodialysis procedure. High seropositivity of Anti-HBsAb in early stage CKD, although not statistically signifi cant, may point out the necessity of hepatitis B immunization earlier in the course of CKD. Screening the patients with CKD without RRT for HBsAg and Anti-HCV serologies would be applicable although there is no established consensus in guidelines. KEY WORDS:Chronic kidney disease, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Seroprevalance ÖZ AMAÇ: Hepatit B (HBV) ve hepatit C (HCV) virüsleri, kronik böbrek hastalarında önemli bir morbidite ve mortalite nedenidir. Renal replasman tedavisi (RRT) almamış kronik böbrek hastalarında HBV ve HCV seroprevalansı için yeterli veri bulunmamaktadır. GEREÇ ve YÖNTEMLER:RRT almamış kronik böbrek hastalıklı (KBH) olgular retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. Yedi yüz seksen olgu çalışmaya dahil edildi. BULGULAR:HBsAg ve Anti-HCV seroprevalansı sırasıyla %3,5 ve %1,3 olarak saptandı. AntiHBsAb seroprevalansının 456 (%58,4) hastada değerlendirildiği ve %39,3 olduğu tespit edildi. Olgular, KBH evreleri açısından değerlendirildiğinde, erken evre (evre 3 KBH) ile ileri evre (evre 4 ve 5 KBH) KBH grupları arasında HBsAg ve Anti-HCV seroprevalansı açısından istatistiksel anlamlı fark bulunmadı (sırasıyla p=0,26 ve p=0,88). Anti-HBsAb seropozitifl iği erken evre KBH'da %41,9, ileri evre KBH'da %33,6 olarak tespit edildi (p=0,88). Kronik böbrek hastalığı etiyolojisi açısından altta yatan hastalıklarda, HBsAg ve Anti-HCV seroprevalansı benzer sıklıkta saptandı (sırasıyla p=0.95 ve p=0.25). SONUÇ:Ülkemizde daha önce yayımlanan çalışmalar ışığında hemodiyaliz hastalarında, RRT almamış KBH hastalarına göre daha yüksek Anti-HCV seroprevalansı, hemodiyaliz prosedürü sırasında HCV maruziyeti ilişkili olabilir. Erken evre KBH'da Anti-HBsAb seropozitifl iğinin istatistiksel anlamlı olmasa da daha fazla olması, KBH erken evrelerinde h...

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Hepatitis B Virus Infection and the Dialysis Patient

Cited by 87 publications

References 47 publications

HBV markers in haemodialysis Brazilian patients: a prospective 12-month follow-up

HBV markers in haemodialysis Brazilian patients: a prospective 12-month follow-up

The Prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV Among Hemodialysis Patients Attending Duhok Hemodialysis Center

Seroprevalance of the Hepatitis B and C in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease without History of Renal Replacement Therapy

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