Hepatitis B virus infection: An insight into infection outcomes and recent treatment options

Noordeen, F.

doi:10.1007/s13337-015-0247-y

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Clinically, HBV reactivation is associated with ALT flare and simultaneously increase of viral replication [8,9]. These events explain spontaneously reactivation or reactivation associated to immunosuppressive states [10,11]. Control of HBV induced-liver necro-inflammation and symptoms resolution are usually achieved by decreasing the viral load (HBV DNA) with the use of nucleotides/nucleosides analogs (NA) [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Anti-hiv Negativementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These events explain spontaneously reactivation or reactivation associated to immunosuppressive states [10,11]. Control of HBV induced-liver necro-inflammation and symptoms resolution are usually achieved by decreasing the viral load (HBV DNA) with the use of nucleotides/nucleosides analogs (NA) [8][9][10][11]. Our HBe-negative CHB patient showed a viral load >100,000 IU/mL (5,0 logs) and responded favorably to the NA therapy.…”

Section: Anti-hiv Negativementioning

confidence: 99%

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Autoimmune Manifestations in Chronic Hepatitis B

Machado¹

2017

GHOA

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The chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) has been associated to a variety of autoimmune manifestations, including circulating non-organ-specific autoantibodies, membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis, mixed cryoglobulinaemia and polyarteritis nodosa. The diagnosis and treatment depend on the affected organs and demonstration of viral activity. However, we should initially assess the probable clinical diagnosis in which its outcome and long-term resolution depend on the proper use of antiviral drugs. Herein, we reported an unusual clinical presentation of hepatitis B reactivation in an antigen e-negative CHB patient.

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Section: Anti-hiv Negativementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anti-hiv Negativementioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Manifestations in Chronic Hepatitis B

Machado¹

2017

GHOA

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“…Importantly, chronic HBV infection cannot be completely eradicated due to the persistence of covalently closed circular DNA in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes. Moreover, the HBV genome can integrate into the host genome and might favor oncogenesis and the development of HCC [45,46], highlighting the need for intensive surveillance even in patients with effective viral suppression.…”

Section: Antiviral Therapy For the Prevention Of Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Therapy in Patients with Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Indications and Prognosis

Roderburg¹,

Tacke²

2016

Visc Med

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Background: Chronic hepatitis B and C infections represent major risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, the management of patients with viral hepatitis has dramatically changed. In the present review we discuss the impact of these developments on the prevention of HCC as well as the treatment of patients with HCC. Methods: Studies indexed in Medline between 1990 and 2015 (November) were reviewed. The terms ‘hepatocellular carcinoma', ‘HCC', ‘hepatitis B', ‘hepatitis C', ‘viral hepatitis', and combinations of these terms were used. Results: Patients with chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C without HCC should be evaluated for antiviral therapy, since antiviral therapy was suggested to reduce the risk of HCC development. Cirrhotic patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) require antiviral therapy, while cirrhotics infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) need to be prioritized for therapy with interferon (IFN)-free regimens. Antiviral therapy should be considered in HBV-infected patients with HCC, especially to prevent tumor recurrence after curative-intended therapy or to prevent hepatic decompensation. HCV-infected patients with HCC should be considered in similar intention for IFN-free antiviral therapy, depending on the tumor stage and life expectancy. Conclusion: Patients with viral hepatitis should be considered for antiviral treatment for the prevention of HCC development as well as during HCC treatment.

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“…The disease is a major global health problem affecting Asia, Africa, Southern Europe and Latin America and is the most serious type of viral hepatitis (Figure 1). 1,2 HBV endemicity can be categorized into 3 groups based on the sero-prevalence of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in a particular geographical area. A region is considered highly endemic if sero-prevalence exceeds 8%, of intermediate endemicity if 2-8% and of low endemicity if ≤2%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A region is considered highly endemic if sero-prevalence exceeds 8%, of intermediate endemicity if 2-8% and of low endemicity if ≤2%. 1,2 In Sri Lanka, HBV infection is categorized as a notifiable infection and has been reported from many parts of the island. Sri Lanka has a intermediate prevalence for HBV infection with a prevalence of HBsAg positivity of less than 1% and not more than 2.5% in the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Sri Lanka

Noordeen

Pitchai

Rafeek

2015

Sri Lankan J Infec Dis

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health concern in many Southeast Asian, South Asian and African countries. HBV infection is transmitted sexually or by other parenteral routes. HBV causes an acute viral hepatitis or chronic infection, largely based on the age at which the infection is acquired. In the majority of infected infants, HBV causes a chronic protracted infection for decades without symptoms. After several decades, the infection might flare up to give rise to an active hepatitis followed by sero-conversion to anti-HBs. However, the vast majority of patients with chronic HBV (CHB) infection will have chronic liver disease. Some with CHB infection develop a primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) later in life. Approximately 25 percent of chronically infected individuals die prematurely of cirrhosis or HCC. The prevalence of HBV infection in Sri Lanka is estimated to be less than 2%. Sri Lanka is therefore considered a country of low endemicity. This prevalence rate of HBV in Sri Lanka is very different to that in many other South Asian countries such as India and Bangladesh. Diagnosis of HBV infection in Sri Lanka is carried out in many private and state laboratories using immunochromatography based rapid assays or ELISAs for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) detection. Those with latter stages of CHB are treated with currently available nucleotide / nucleoside analogues in some private sector hospitals where testing facilities for virus load during different stages of treatment is available. Sri Lanka has a policy of immunizing healthcare workers (HCW) who are at risk of acquiring HBV occupationally. Sri Lanka included HBV immunization in the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) with effect from 2003. In all HBsAg immunization programmes for HCW, testing for the protective anti-HBs response is mandatory in those who receive a complete course of immunization in order to ensure immunity in responders and to re-vaccinate non-responders.

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Hepatitis B virus infection: An insight into infection outcomes and recent treatment options

Cited by 23 publications

References 62 publications

Autoimmune Manifestations in Chronic Hepatitis B

Autoimmune Manifestations in Chronic Hepatitis B

Antiviral Therapy in Patients with Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Indications and Prognosis

A Review of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Sri Lanka

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