Hepatitis-B Virus in Bedbugs (Cimex Hemipterus) From Senegal

Wills, William

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)92834-3

Cited by 50 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The first suggestion that bed bugs may have a role in HBV transmission occurred during the early 1970s, when HBV surface antigen (HB s Ag) was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 1 out of 18 pools of engorged bed bugs (species not stated) from the Ivory Coast (51). Collections of C. hemipterus on four separate occasions from villages in Senegal found HB s Ag in nonengorged nymphs and adults in all four collections, with a total of 15 bugs positive by RIA out of 143 tested (321). At one of these sites, the occupant was known to be HB s Ag positive.…”

Section: Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bed Bugs: Clinical Relevance and Control Options

et al. 2012

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SUMMARY Since the late 1990s, bed bugs of the species Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus have undergone a worldwide resurgence. These bed bugs are blood-sucking insects that readily bite humans. Cutaneous reactions may occur and can start out as small macular lesions that can develop into distinctive wheals of around 5 cm in diameter, which are accompanied by intense itching. Occasionally, bullous eruptions may result. If bed bugs are numerous, the patient can present with widespread urticaria or eythematous rashes. Often, bites occur in lines along the limbs. Over 40 pathogens have been detected in bed bugs, but there is no definitive evidence that they transmit any disease-causing organisms to humans. Anemia may result when bed bugs are numerous, and their allergens can trigger asthmatic reactions. The misuse of chemicals and other technologies for controlling bed bugs has the potential to have a deleterious impact on human health, while the insect itself can be the cause of significant psychological trauma. The control of bed bugs is challenging and should encompass a multidisciplinary approach utilizing nonchemical means of control and the judicious use of insecticides. For accommodation providers, risk management procedures should be implemented to reduce the potential of bed bug infestations.

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Section: Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bed Bugs: Clinical Relevance and Control Options

et al. 2012

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“…Summary articles on Cimex disease transmission in the 1960s suggest that bed bugs may act as a vector for at least 43 pathogens (Burton, 1963a, b). Current works have tested bed bugs for the ability to vector hepatitis B, C and E viruses (Doggett et al, 2012;Jupp and McElligott, 1979;Jupp et al, 1983;Newkirk et al, 1975;Ogston and London, 1980;Ogston et al, 1979;Wills et al, 1977), filarial worms (Burton, 1963a, b), human immunodefiency virus, HIV (Jupp and Lyons, 1987;Lyons et al, 1986;Webb et al, 1989), Trypanosoma cruzi Qorg, 1992), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA (Lowe andRomney, 2011), Rickettsia (Coddard et al, 2012), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcusfaecium, VRE (Lowe and Romney, 2011). In other cases, the presence of viruses and trypanosomes has been documented in recently fed bed bugs {}ovg, 1992; Jupp and McElligott, 1979;Lyons et al, 1986;Newkirk et al, 1975).…”

Section: Bed Bugs and Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms that contribute to the establishment and persistence of bed bug infestations

Benoit¹,

Attardo

2013

Terr Arthropod Rev

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Bed bugs have reestablished as pests over the last two decades after a period of near eradication throughout large portions of the world. The increasing frequency of bed bug infestations has prompted research into every facet of bed bug biology. Of particular interest is identification ofthe specific factors that allow bed bugs to be transported, to thrive within human dwellings and to survive pest control strategies. This review provides a synopsis ofthe biochemical, physiological and molecular mechanisms that contribute to the resurgence of bed bugs, with a focus upon the aspects that allow bed bugs to overcome the roadblocks preventing establishment and persistence in close proximity to humans. Topics discussed include dispersal, host avoidance, mating, chemical signaling, symbiosis, blood feeding, thermal tolerance, starvation resistance, dehydration resistance and pesticide resistance. These aspects of Cimex biology are explored within the context of the effect that these traits have upon transportation, establishment and eradication of bed bugs with an emphasis on the issues of pesticide resistance and population resurgence. In general, bed bugs are exceptional in their abihty to proliferate in close-proximity to humans. The emergence of recent adaptations such as pesticide resistance has exacerbated the already difficult task of eliminating bed bug infestations.

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“…They have not been shown to transmit human disease, but there has been speculation on the possibility that bed bugs may serve as vectors of American trypanosomiasis, also known as Chagas’ disease 50 . Additionally, although transmission of hepatitis B (HBV) has not been proven, HBV DNA has been found in bed bugs 50 . However, bed bugs have never been shown to have vector competence 51,52 …”

Section: Bed Bugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatologic infestations

Shmidt¹,

Levitt²

2012

Int J Dermatology

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Head lice are transmitted by head to head contact. Optimal therapy includes malathion lotion 0.5% repeated in one week left on for 30 minutes to 8 hours. Spinosad topical suspension 0.9% repeated in one week left on for 10 minutes is another option. Scabies is transmitted mainly by direct contact but also via heavily infested fomites due to crusted scabies. Permethrin 5% cream to the body repeated in four days is often sufficient; however, scalp treatment with malathion lotion 0.5% is helpful in crusted scabies and in infested children. Oral ivermectin 200 mcg/kg is another option, repeated in four days. For scabies more than lice, fomites should be placed in a drier at 60 °C for 10 minutes to kill the arthropods. Treatment of close contacts in both cases will control outbreaks and repeated infestations. Both have been associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Bed bugs are a common cause for papular urticaria. Identification of the insect in the mattress or bedding confirms the diagnosis. Prevention involves encasing the mattress in a sealed plastic cover and extermination. Delusions of parasitosis is a diagnosis of exclusion that is best treated with an antipsychotic.

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Hepatitis-B Virus in Bedbugs (Cimex Hemipterus) From Senegal

Cited by 50 publications

References 6 publications

Bed Bugs: Clinical Relevance and Control Options

Bed Bugs: Clinical Relevance and Control Options

Mechanisms that contribute to the establishment and persistence of bed bug infestations

Dermatologic infestations

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