Hepatitis B Virus: Biology and Life Cycle

İnan, Neşe; Tabak, Fehmı

doi:10.4274/vhd.36036

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The outcome of this study shows that HBV infection is present among students of Babcock University with a low prevalence rate of 1.5%, whereas there was no record of HCV, as well as HBV/HCV co-infection among the study population. Following the outcome of this screening, we recommend the following: (1) detection of HBV / HCV-DNA and determination of Viral Load should be attempted by future Researchers, (2) Where grants / funding is available, sensitive methods such as Enzyme Immuno Assay, Recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) should be used to screen and confirm the HBV and HCV status of the study population, (3) The serum liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and albumin levels should be determined for the positive individuals in other to determine hepatic involvement and the severity of damage to the liver, (4) Public health awareness with regard to HBV and HCV infection should be intensified and sustained by relevant stake holders, (6) HBV Vaccination should also be ensured and carried among students of higher institution, and (7) Positive individuals should visit the hospital for appropriate treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately, half of the world's population lives in HBV endemic areas and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence is more than 8% [7]. HBV infection has been the most significant factor associated with the development of liver cancer, which is one of the most malignant cancers; the second most frequent cause of cancer death in men, and the sixth leading cause of cancer death in women [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection among Students of a Private Tertiary Institution in South-Western Nigeria

Enitan

Adebola

Adejumo

et al. 2019

IJTDH

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Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem and account for a substantial proportion of liver diseases worldwide. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of Hepatitis B and C virus infection among undergraduate students of Babcock University. Methodology: The blood samples of 200 participants (96 males and 104 females) were randomly collected and screened using rapid serological methods. HBV markers were determined using a HBV 5 in 1 Panel cassette (Innovita Biological Technology Co., Ltd., China); while antibody to HCV was detected using anti-HCV test strip (Blue Cross Bio-Medical Co., Ltd., China). The demographic and clinical information of the participants were collected using structured questionnaires. Results: Out of the 200 participants screened, 3 (1.5%) were positive for HBsAg, 10 (5.0%) were positive for HBsAb, 3 (1.5%) were positive for HBcAb, 2 (1.0%) were positive for HBeAb and none (0%) was positive for HBeAg. 2 (2.1%) of the 96 males screened were positive for HBsAg, while only one (1%) out of the 104 females screened was positive for HBsAg. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the number of male and female students positive for HBsAg. On the basis of age distribution, data show that 3 (2.7%) out of the 110 students that were 16-20 years old were positive for HBsAg, while students in the other age groups were negative for HBsAg. Risk factors associated with infection include: tattooing, history of blood transfusion and shared sharp objects. Interestingly, zero prevalence rate (0%) of HCV mono-infection, as well as HBV/HCV co-infection was recorded in this current study. Conclusion: The outcome of this study showed that a low prevalence rate of HBV mono-infection exists among undergraduate students of Babcock University, therefore the on-going public health campaign programme against Hepatitis B and C should be sustained.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection among Students of a Private Tertiary Institution in South-Western Nigeria

Enitan

Adebola

Adejumo

et al. 2019

IJTDH

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“…The genome comprises of 4 overlapping Open reading frames (ORFs) each translated into different components of the virus structure. The overlapping structure of the coding regions facilitates the use of HBV genome with high efficiency during replication [9]. HBV is currently categorized into ten different genotypes, A-J based on more than 8% nucleotide divergence that exists in the HBV genome [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and genotypic characterization of HBV among low risk voluntary blood donors in Nairobi, Kenya

Aluora

Muturi

Gachara

2020

Virol J

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Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes significant morbidity and mortality globally primarily due to its ability to cause hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The Kenya National Blood Transfusion Services screens for Hepatitis B antibodies using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method. This test does not inform on the genotypic characteristics of the virus or the actual presence of the virus in blood. This study therefore sought to determine the serologic and genotypic profiles of HBV circulating among the voluntary blood donors in Nairobi. Methods Blood samples were collected in plain and EDTA vacutainers and tested for the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). HBV DNA was then extracted from plasma, its overlapping P/S gene amplified and sequenced. The resulting sequences were used to analyze for the circulating genotypes and mutations within the P and S genes. Bivariate statistical analysis was used to determine the association between demographic factors and HBV infection. Results A seroprevalence of 2.3% (n = 7) was reported. The age group 19–28 years was significantly associated with HBV infection. Nine samples were positive for HBV DNA; these included 2 HBsAg positive samples and 7 HBsAg negative samples. Genotype A, sub genotype A1 was found to be exclusively prevalent while a number of mutations were reported in the “a” determinant segment of the major hydrophilic region of the S gene associated with antibody escape. RT mutations including mutation rt181T in the P gene conferring resistance against Lamivudine and other ʟ-nucleoside drugs were detected. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of occult HBV infections among these blood donors and therefore the testing platform currently in use requires revision.

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“…Non-specific factors, such as age, and specific genetic factors in the host as well as genetic features of the virus can affect the prognosis of the HBV infections (4). Genetic variance can occur due to the genotypic differences in carriers or mutations in the infected host (5,6). Although it has not yet been clarified, findings support that genotypic differences have effects on the HBV pathogenicity and the clinical course of the infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Hepatitis B Virus Carrying Drug-resistance Compensatory Mutations in Chronically Infected Treatment-naive Patients

Altındiş¹,

Aslan²,

Köroğlu³

et al. 2016

vhd

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ÖZObjective: The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is highly variable throughout the world. Geographical regions are classified according to the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in the general population as high (>8%), moderate (2-7%), and low endemicity (<2%). Turkey has a moderate endemicity level of HBV infection which is a serious health problem. Currently, there are various nucleos(t)ide analogues with anti-HBV activity and they are mostly used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and cirrhosis. The risk of drug resistance increases because these drugs are still being used as monotherapy. It has been reported that HBV drug resistance-related mutations can occur also in patients who are classified as treatment-naive and who have not received any oral anti-HBV treatment. Materials and Methods:This prospective and descriptive epidemiological study aimed to determine the genotype/subgenotypes of HBV and to investigate the drug resistance mutations in treatment-naive CHB patients. The study included 149 CHB patients who had no chronic coinfections, and have not received treatment for CHB infection. In 53 of the samples collected from the patients, the amount of viral DNA was enough for sequence analysis to search for drug resistance. BigDyeTM Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., USA) was used for sequencing of the serum samples from these patients and drug resistance mutations were determined and genotype/ subgenotype detection was performed. Results:The mean viral load value was calculated as 9.84x10 6 , and there was no primary drug resistance in any of these 53 samples which were sequenced. There were compensatory resistance-related amino acid changes in 19 samples. Genotype D was determined as HBV in all cases. Conclusion:The early detection of drug resistance-related mutations can be important in determination of treatment protocol, and prevention of unnecessary drug use, complications, and economic loses.

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Hepatitis B Virus: Biology and Life Cycle

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection among Students of a Private Tertiary Institution in South-Western Nigeria

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection among Students of a Private Tertiary Institution in South-Western Nigeria

Seroprevalence and genotypic characterization of HBV among low risk voluntary blood donors in Nairobi, Kenya

Hepatitis B Virus Carrying Drug-resistance Compensatory Mutations in Chronically Infected Treatment-naive Patients

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