Hepatitis B virus and HIV co-infection among pregnant women in Rwanda

Mutagoma, Mwumvaneza; Balisanga, Helene; Malamba, Samuel; Sebuhoro, Dieudonné; Remera, Eric; Riedel, David J.; Kanters, Steve; Nsanzimana, Sabin

doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2714-0

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, a high HIV/HBV co‐infection in pregnant women suggests a potential source for the spread of viral infections in Luanda. Our findings are consistent with those reported in HIV‐positive pregnant women from Cameroon (7.7%), 25 higher than to reported in Nigeria (0.5%), 26 Botswana (3.1%), 27 Rwanda (4.1%), 19 and Sudan (5.6%), 28 but is lower than that reported in Ethiopia (12.1%), 12 and Ghana (14.9%) 29 . The proportion of HIV/HCV co‐infection observed in our cohort was compared to reported in southern (3.3%) and north (42.3%) of sub‐Saharan Africa, 30 and European countries (12.3%) 31 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Luanda, Angola: Seroprevalence and risk factors

Sebastião

Neto

Jandondo

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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Infectious diseases during pregnancy remain a public health concern, especially in a resource‐limited setting. The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and determinants of HIV and co‐infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Luanda, the capital city of Angola. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 1612 pregnant women screened for HIV during antenatal care. HIV‐reactive were also screened for the HBV, HCV, and syphilis using immunoassay kits. A logistic regression model, adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with a level of significance set at 5%. The overall seroprevalence of HIV was 2.6%. About 13% of HIV‐positive pregnant women were coinfected. From which, 7.5% were reactive to HBV and 5% to syphilis. There was no reactivity to HCV. Pregnant women younger aged than 25 years were significantly protected from HIV‐infection (AOR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.20‐0.91], P = .026). The co‐infection was 1.3 times (AOR, 0.04‐41.0) in younger aged than 25 years, 7.0 times (AOR, 0.50‐99.2) to residents in urbanized areas, and 1.4 times (AOR, 0.10‐20.9) in pregnant women with a high educational level. In conclusion, infectious diseases are a public health burden among pregnant women in Luanda. However, include an integrated antenatal screening mainly in urbanized areas is crucial to reduce the spread of infectious diseases in different communities of Angola.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Luanda, Angola: Seroprevalence and risk factors

Sebastião

Neto

Jandondo

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…As expected, the anti-HBc+ prevalence rate was lower in the current cohort of pregnant patients compared with the HIV-positive cohort (ie, 20% versus 39.5%), which is likely due to fewer risk factors for blood-borne pathogen exposure. In comparison with other maternal HBV cohorts in Sub-Saharan Africa, the rates of chronic HBV infection (HBsAg+) are lower in this cohort (1% compared with 2.1%-10.8%) (2,25,(42)(43)(44)(45)(46).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Prevalence and molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B virus in pregnant women from Gondar, Ethiopia

Meier-Stephenson

Deressa

Genetu

et al. 2020

CanLivJ

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BACKGROUND: The greatest risk of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is from mother-to-child transmission. Approximately 20% of individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa are hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen-positive (HBsAg+), but the prevalence of occult hepatitis B (OHB) is unknown. Aim: This study investigated CHB and OHB prevalence and viral variants in a cohort of pregnant women in Gondor, Ethiopia. METHODS: Patients were prospectively recruited from the University of Gondar Hospital (N = 200; median age 27 y, inter-quartile range 8.3) from March through June 2016. Data were collected using an investigator-administered questionnaire. Plasma was tested for HBsAg and HBV core antibody (anti-HBc), and HBV genotype and presence of HBV variants (i.e., vaccine escape mutants [VEMs]) were determined by polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Of women tested, 1% (2/200) were HBsAg+; 26.8% (47/182) of HBsAgnegative patients were anti-HBc+, of whom 37/47 (78.7%) had detectable HBV DNA. The overall rate of OHB was 20.3%. Both HBsAg+ cases were HBV genotype D, and 36/37 (97.3%) of OHB individuals were genotype D. None carried VEM, but both HBsAg+ cases and 32/37 (86.5%) of the OHB cases showed lamivudine-resistant mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-seven percent of pregnant women in this cohort showed evidence of CHB or prior HBV exposure (i.e., HBsAg+ or anti-HBc+) and clinically relevant HBV variants. Data from this single-centre study suggests high HBV prevalence, reinforcing the World Health Organization's recommendation for universal prenatal HBV screening and infant vaccination.

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“…The emergence of HIV in the past four decades, further worsened the complications due to hepatitis B infection in pregnant women as well as in the general population [7,8]. Furthermore, the highly contagious nature of both viral infections and common route of transmission through blood and body fluids especially during unprotected heterosexual contact, mother to child transmission, and ability to cause chronic disease state in affected individuals, account for the dual burden of co-morbidity due to hepatitis B and HIV in pregnant women [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of HBV in Pregnant Women, South West Nigeria

Atilola

Tomisin

Randle

et al. 2018

JEGH

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, maternal complications, and neonatal deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. Pregnant women serve as a major reservoir for the persistence and ongoing transmission of hepatitis B virus and HIV in a generalized heterosexual epidemic. The aim of this study is to assess the epidemiology of Hepatitis B infection among pregnant women in South West-Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional study of 353 pregnant women across 10 health facilities in the region. Results showed that of the 353 pregnant women tested, 37 were positive for the HBV antigen giving a prevalence estimate of 10.5% (95% CI: 7.5%-14.2%). We found significant negative association between odds of HBV infection and knowledge of HBV transmission through sex (OR: 0.30: 95%CI-0.11-0.82) and a positive association with blood transfusion in the past three months (OR: 9.5: 95% CI-1.58-57.14). Findings strongly suggest high endemicity of HBV and the possible implication of blood transfusion as a major route of ongoing HBV transmission among pregnant women in southwestern Nigeria. We recommend further study of a prospective design to investigate the possible causal link between blood transfusion and the risk of HBV infection among pregnant women in Nigeria.

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Hepatitis B virus and HIV co-infection among pregnant women in Rwanda

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Luanda, Angola: Seroprevalence and risk factors

HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Luanda, Angola: Seroprevalence and risk factors

Prevalence and molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B virus in pregnant women from Gondar, Ethiopia

Epidemiology of HBV in Pregnant Women, South West Nigeria

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