Hepatitis B virus among Saudi National Guard Personnel: Seroprevalence and risk of exposure

Althaqafy, Majid; Balkhy, Hanan H.; Memish, Ziad A.; Makhdom, Yahya M; Ibrahim, Adel; Al-Amri, Abdulfattah; Althaqafi, Abdulhakeem

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2012.12.006

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A large number of studies have been conducted in KSA,[15678910111213141516171819] and a systematic review pooling data of 312,787 people from 36 studies published between 1965 and 2013 found a prevalence of 3.2% for the country which is slightly lower than the worldwide prevalence of 3.6%. [1] In this systematic review, a decrease in prevalence has been observed over time, and hence it is expected that the current prevalence rate in KSA would be lower than the average found.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B care pathway in Saudi Arabia: Current situation, gaps and actions

Aljumah

Babatin

Hashim

et al. 2019

Saudi J Gastroenterol

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a public health problem worldwide. In this review, we aim to assess the current situation of the HBV care pathway in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), identify gaps/barriers therein, and recommend initiatives to be taken to improve the management of such patients. Towards this end, a literature search was conducted in PubMed and free Internet searches. Interviews with individuals and focus group discussions were held with HBV experts in KSA. Although significant improvements have been made in the past 30 years in KSA in terms of the decline in prevalence (currently estimated to be around 1.3%), the morbidity and mortality related to the disease have not shown a parallel decline. This makes HBV an important public health concern. Furthermore, poor disease awareness, low diagnosis rates, and nonadherence to therapy amplify the disease burden. There are several mandated national screening structures present; however, established protocols for those who test positive and subsequent linkage-to-care are inadequate. In the absence of a virologic cure, a concerted effort should be made to provide safe and effective lifelong treatment. This review provides recommendations to reduce the HBV disease burden in the Saudi population.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B care pathway in Saudi Arabia: Current situation, gaps and actions

Aljumah

Babatin

Hashim

et al. 2019

Saudi J Gastroenterol

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“…The same rate of HBV immunity was observed among air force personnel from South Brazil, 17 but this rate is lower than the rate reported among Saudi Arabia soldiers (57.5%), fire-fighters from Central Brazil (66.9%), Spanish military personnel (78.3%). 13,18,19 Nowadays the coverage of hepatitis B vaccination among children less than 18 months of age varies from 80 to 95%, 16 but the low prevalence of HBV immunity observed in the present study is probably due to the fact they were the first generation of compulsory vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among military personnel

Villar

Ó²,

Scalioni

et al. 2015

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…A meta‐analysis of nine case‐control studies revealed a significant association between HBV infection and endoscopic examination (pooled OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.26‐3.86; p = 0.005), with a large amount of heterogeneity between trials (I 2 = 90%) (Fig. ) . When excluding the study by Jahangirnezhad and colleagues, heterogeneity (I 2 ) was reduced from 90 to 56%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…No articles documented the association between an endoscopic examination and HIV or T. pallidum . Details on the characteristics of the included studies are provided in Table …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is an endoscopic examination associated with transfusion‐transmissible infections? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2017

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BACKGROUND The purpose of a donor medical questionnaire is to identify the blood donor's history relative to the current known blood‐safety risks. A temporary deferral from blood donation after an endoscopic examination is enforced because of the reusable nature of the endoscope and close contact with the inner body. The objective of this systematic review was to find the best available evidence on the association between an endoscopic examination and the risk of transfusion‐transmissible infections. METHODS Studies from five databases investigating the link between an endoscopic examination and transfusion‐transmissible infections (hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus infection, Treponema pallidum) were retained and assessed independently by two reviewers. The association between endoscopy and transfusion‐transmissible infections was identified by conducting meta‐analyses and calculating pooled effect measures (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals). The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology was used to assess the quality of evidence. RESULTS We identified 7571 references and finally included 29 observational studies. A significant association between an endoscopic examination and hepatitis B virus infection (pooled odds ratio [OR], 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26‐3.86; p = 0.005) or hepatitis C virus infection (pooled OR 1.76, 95% CI, 1.45‐2.14; p < 0.00001) was found. The level of evidence was considered as “very low” due to the type of study design (i.e., observational) and indirect study populations (i.e., no blood donor populations). CONCLUSION An endoscopic examination is associated with an increased hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection risk. Further high‐quality trials are required to formulate stronger evidence‐based recommendations on endoscopic examination as a blood donor deferral criterion.

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Hepatitis B virus among Saudi National Guard Personnel: Seroprevalence and risk of exposure

Abstract: We report a 4% prevalence of HBsAg in the Saudi military population. This HBV prevalence was higher than those in the general Saudi population and military populations from Western countries. Both work-related and community-related risk factors for exposure are suggested.

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Hepatitis B care pathway in Saudi Arabia: Current situation, gaps and actions

Hepatitis B care pathway in Saudi Arabia: Current situation, gaps and actions

Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among military personnel

Is an endoscopic examination associated with transfusion‐transmissible infections? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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