Hepatitis B prevalence and the impact of vaccination in Georgia: results from a nationwide serosurvey

Khetsuriani, Nino; Gamkrelidze, Amiran; Shadaker, Shaun; Tsreteli, Maia; Alkhazashvili, Maia; Chitadze, Nazibrola; Tskhomelidze, Irina; Gvinjilia, Lia; Averhoff, Francisco; Cloherty, Gavin; An, Qian; Chakhunashvili, Giorgi; Drobeniuc, Jan; Imnadze, Paata; Zakhashvili, Khatuna; Armstrong, Paige A.

doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(22)00839-x

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In crude weighted comparisons, the prevalence of both HBsAg and anti-HBc was higher in men than in women, which is similar to other studies 20 25 26. Generally, difference in the prevalence between men and women may be related to either behavioural factors like higher sexual risk behaviours, intravenous drug use and imprisonment in men, or to biological factors 27.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Yet, the prevalence of chronic HBV infection was low (0.8%; 95% CI 0.5% to 1.1%), and none of the HBsAg-positive participants was positive for HDV RNA. The identified prevalence in Armenia was lower than in a study carried out in the neighbouring Georgia in 2021: the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B among adults in Georgia was 2.7% (95% CI 2.3% to 3.4%) and the proportion of persons ever infected with hepatitis B was 21.7% (95% CI 20.4% to 23.2%) 20…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…Compared with secondary or higher education, less than secondary education increased the odds of having 20 Previous data for Armenia based on modelling studies showed a higher prevalence of chronic HBV infection. According to a modelling study from 2016, the HBsAg prevalence in Armenia was estimated at 1.9%, 21 and based on the Coalition for Global Hepatitis Elimination estimates, it was gradually decreasing from 3.4% in 1994/1995.…”

Section: Findings Of Regression Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

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Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among general population of Armenia in 2021 and factors associated with it: a cross-sectional study

Demirchyan,

Dudareva,

Sahakyan

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesThis study sought to determine the prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection ever in life and chronic HBV infection in Armenia.DesignA population-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study combined with a phone survey of tested individuals.SettingAll administrative units of Armenia including 10 provinces and capital city Yerevan.ParticipantsThe study frame was the general adult population of Armenia aged ≥18 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe participants were tested for anti-HBV core antibodies (anti-HBc) and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) using third-generation enzyme immunoassays. In case of HBsAg positivity, HBV DNA and hepatitis D virus (HDV) RNA PCR tests were performed. Risk factors of HBV infection ever in life (anti-HBc positivity) and chronic HBV infection (HBsAg positivity) were identified through fitting logistic regression models.ResultsThe seroprevalence study included 3838 individuals 18 years and older. Of them, 90.7% (3476 individuals) responded to the phone survey. The prevalence of anti-HBc positivity was 14.1% (95% CI 13.1% to 15.2%) and HBsAg positivity 0.8% (95% CI 0.5% to 1.1%). The viral load was over 10 000 IU/mL for 7.9% of HBsAg-positive individuals. None of the participants was positive for HDV. Risk factors for HBsAg positivity included less than secondary education (aOR=6.44; 95% CI 2.2 to 19.1), current smoking (aOR=2.56; 95% CI 1.2 to 5.6), and chronic liver disease (aOR=8.44; 95% CI 3.0 to 23.7). In addition to these, risk factors for anti-HBc positivity included age (aOR=1.04; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.05), imprisonment ever in life (aOR=2.53; 95% CI 1.41 to 4.56), and poor knowledge on infectious diseases (aOR=1.32; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.67), while living in Yerevan (vs provinces) was protective (aOR=0.74; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.93).ConclusionThis study provided robust estimates of HBV markers among general population of Armenia. Its findings delineated the need to revise HBV testing and treatment strategies considering higher risk population groups, and improve population knowledge on HBV prevention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Findings Of Regression Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

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Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among general population of Armenia in 2021 and factors associated with it: a cross-sectional study

Demirchyan,

Dudareva,

Sahakyan

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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“…Neonatal HBV vaccination programmes have led to a reduction in the prevalence of HBV in various Asian countries [18][19][20][21]. However, surveillance programmes and research are needed to monitor prevalence in vaccinated individuals, in view of waning neutralizing antibodies and the presence of vaccine-escape mutants, which may vary among different genotypes in different parts of the world [18,22].…”

Section: Routes Of Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current practice and recommendations for management of hepatitis B virus in people living with HIV in Asia

Lui,

Wong,

Yang

et al. 2023

HIV Medicine

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BackgroundThe prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co‐infection is higher in Asia than in Europe and North America and varies significantly between different regions within Asia. Important routes of transmission of both these infections include high‐risk unprotected sexual contact, intravenous drug use, and transmission of maternal infection perinatally or in early childhood. While life expectancy among people living with HIV has been extended with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), HBV‐induced liver injury and complications have emerged as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV.ObjectivesThis article describes the prevalence of co‐infection, current clinical practice, and recommendations for the management of people living with HIV‐HBV co‐infection in Asia.Results and ConclusionsScreening for HBV should occur at the time of HIV diagnosis; however, HBV screening rates in people living with HIV in Asia vary widely by region. Similarly, people with HBV should be screened for HIV before initiation of HBV antiviral therapy. People with HIV‐HBV co‐infection should be assessed for liver damage and risk factors for liver disease and be monitored regularly for liver complications and HBV DNA. Medical treatment with ART is lifelong and includes tenofovir and lamivudine or emtricitabine, unless intolerant or contraindicated, as these are active against both HIV and HBV. HBV vaccination programmes are effective in reducing co‐infection rates. Mother‐to‐child transmission can be prevented through measures such as vaccination, antenatal screening, and treatment of pregnant women who are infected.

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“…The hepatitis B vaccine was introduced nationwide in 2001, and coverage has been ≥90% since 2010. In a nationwide serosurvey among adults in 2015, the prevalence was 2.9% (range, 2.4%–3.5%) for hepatitis B surface antigen and 25.9% (24.1%–27.6%) for antihepatitis B core antibody 3 . Notably, in 2021, only 0.03% of children in Georgia were found to have chronic HBV infection, reflecting the success of the infant hepatitis B vaccination program implemented in 2001.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global cancer statistics: A healthy population relies on population health

Jokhadze,

Das,

Dizon

2024

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

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The 2022 update on cancer statistics provides a staggering figure: 20 million will receive a new diagnosis of cancer, and nearly 10 million will die. The data are derived from estimates provided by the Global Cancer Observatory, which relies on the best available sources of both incidence and mortality from cancer in each country. 1 Populationbased cancer survival is a key metric of the effectiveness of health systems in how cancer is managed in individual countries. The monitoring of trends and inequalities in cancer survival is an important metric of overall health system performance, is used to guide

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Hepatitis B prevalence and the impact of vaccination in Georgia: results from a nationwide serosurvey

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among general population of Armenia in 2021 and factors associated with it: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among general population of Armenia in 2021 and factors associated with it: a cross-sectional study

Current practice and recommendations for management of hepatitis B virus in people living with HIV in Asia

Global cancer statistics: A healthy population relies on population health

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