Hepatitis B Infections in Neonates

Anand, Pratima; Singh, Sanjay; Schelonka, Robert L.; Tekleab, Atnafu Mekonnen; Upadhyay, Amit

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0049

Newborn

2022

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0049

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Hepatitis B Infections in Neonates

Pratima Anand¹,

Sanjay Singh²,

Robert L. Schelonka³

et al.

Abstract: Hepatitis B infections are estimated to affect more than 2 billion people worldwide. The overall prevalence of HBsAg positivity in plasma is reported to be 3.5%, but it varies depending on the geographic area. Mother-to-child infection is the predominant mode of transmission in high-prevalence areas. In exposed infants, universal hepatitis B vaccination and the administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) within 12 hours following the birth can reduce the risk of perinatal infection. The rates of progre… Show more

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Cited by 1 publication

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“…They show that gram-negative colonization of the maternal cervical-vaginal tract in tropical/peri-equatorial regions of the world was more frequent than previously recognized. Early identification of these pathogens may help in timely evaluation and treatment of these infants.In another study, Anand et al 39 reviewed congenital/perinatal hepatitis B infections in neonates. Hepatitis B infections are estimated to affect more than 2 billion people worldwide.…”

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Understanding the Impact of Maternal Health on Neonatal Disease: A New Horizon

Maheshwari¹,

Motta²,

Lui³

2022

Newborn

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Critically ill neonates, whether premature or those born closer to full-term gestation, can have adverse outcomes following untimely exposure to many physiological and other potentially pathogenic stimuli in utero and after birth. [1][2][3] In many organ systems, even minor alterations in the course of maturation can cause abnormalities. 4,5 Carefully designed studies are needed to extrapolate the experience from one part of the world to another; 6,7 there are important genetic, infectious, and cultural differences that might affect outcomes. However, in many situations, there are vertical influences where information about maternal health can help us in understanding neonatal disease and in predicting its outcomes. 8 We have long believed that the fetus grows in a sterile uterovaginal tract. 9 However, recent studies have identified bacterial flora in the birth canal. 10 The impact of this colonization on a fetus developing in utero is still unclear, but there is a possibility that the presence of these bacteria on mucosal surfaces might alter perinatal outcomes. 11 The effect on the developing fetal immune system also needs study, particularly with emerging information about many subclinical infections prevalent in many parts of the world. 12,13 There is a need for improved understanding of the impact of these infections on the developing immune system.In addition to the bacterial flora, nutrition is another important stimulant for the rapidly growing organs, be it the central nervous system, immunity, or the endocrine system. 14 The nutritional experiences of the newborn infants may have lifelong effects. 15 Human milk contains fats in high concentrations, which seem to be important as a source of energy and in maturation of the neurological and mucosal immune systems. 16,17 Milk fat content and composition are highly dynamic parameters in early infancy, and need careful analysis. 18 However, despite increasing awareness about the importance of human milk, we also now know about the factors that may curtail its availability. Mothers of infants who are critically ill experience a high degree of anxiety, and may not always able to provide milk for their infants. 19,20 The availability of human milk may also be limited in situations such as maternal illness, ongoing drug therapy, or substance abuse. 21 In these situations, human milk banks can be an important resource but there are many restrictions-natural and human-created. 22 We have been able to make important progress in the treatment of many life-threatening neonatal illnesses. 23 These advances have not only reduced neonatal deaths, but have also facilitated major societal changes; fewer neonatal deaths have helped in reducing the total number of pregnancies per woman as she is reassured about the number of surviving infants. Fewer pregnancies have helped reduce maternal mortality. 24,25 In the Newborn, we aim to cover problems that a baby might develop in utero, the perinatal period, following birth, and the implications of these abnormalities during the ...

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confidence: 99%

“…In another study, Anand et al 39 reviewed congenital/perinatal hepatitis B infections in neonates. Hepatitis B infections are estimated to affect more than 2 billion people worldwide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Impact of Maternal Health on Neonatal Disease: A New Horizon

Maheshwari¹,

Motta²,

Lui³

2022

Newborn

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Hepatitis B Infections in Neonates

Cited by 1 publication

References 81 publications

Understanding the Impact of Maternal Health on Neonatal Disease: A New Horizon

Understanding the Impact of Maternal Health on Neonatal Disease: A New Horizon

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