Hepatitis B and C in dialysis units in Iran: Changing the epidemiology

Alavian, Seyed Moayed; Lankarani, Kamran Bagheri; Mahdavi‐Mazdeh, Mitra; Nourozi, Shahram

doi:10.1111/j.1542-4758.2008.00284.x

Cited by 76 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In studies conducted in neighboring countries, such as Iran, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of HCV in patients was 4%, 29%, and 20%, respectively (3,18). In Europe, the prevalence of infection ranged from 2% in the United Kingdom to nearly 20% in Spain and Italy (3,19,20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV Among Hemodialysis Patients Attending Duhok Hemodialysis Center

2017

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Background: Blood-borne viral infection is a public health problem, especially in high-risk patients, including those with renal failure. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: In this study, 94 patients were recruited and examined for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV antibodies (HCVAb), and HIV using ELISA assay. HCV positivity was confirmed via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The patients were followed-up by testing their blood samples for HBsAg, HCVAb, and HIV on a monthly basis. Results: At the beginning of the study, 3 out of 94 (3.2%) patients were HBsAg positive. In addition, 4 out of 94 (4.3%) patients were HCVAb positive; HCV-positive patients were confirmed via RT-PCR. In addition, three new samples (2 males and 1 female) became HCVAb positive during the follow up. New cases of infection might be associated with exposure to inadequately sterilized dialysis. All the recruited patients were negative for HIV throughout the study. Conclusions:The prevalence of HBsAg and HCV positivity in subjects undergoing hemodialysis was comparable to most neighboring countries. Strict infection control measures should be taken to prevent infection transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, outbreaks of acute HBV infection continue to occur in this setting (2). In a study conducted in Iran on changes in the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in dialysis patients, the prevalence of HBsAg positivity and HCVAb decreased from 3.8% and 14.4% in 1999 to 2.6% and 4.5% in 2006, respectively (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV Among Hemodialysis Patients Attending Duhok Hemodialysis Center

2017

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“…Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is defi ned as the continuous existence of the HBV genome in liver tissues and/or serum in the absence of serum HBsAg. This phenomenon could result from the persistent presence of covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid (cccDNA), which accumulates in the nuclei of hepatocytes and acts as a template for HBV transcription (1) . The risk of OBI transmission is decreased by the transfusion of blood components containing hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) (2) (3) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Occult HBV infection status among chronic hepatitis C and hemodialysis patients in Northeastern Egypt: regional and national overview

Mandour

Nemr

Shehata

et al. 2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is considered to be one of the major risks for patients suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on regular hemodialysis (HD) and patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study compared the prevalence of OBI among these two high-risk groups in the Suez Canal region, Northeastern Egypt, to obtain a better national overview of the magnitude of OBI in this region. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 165 HD patients and 210 chronic HCV-infected patients. Anti-HCV antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), total hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) antibody, and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HCV RNA was detected using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay, and HBV was detected using a nested PCR. Results: All patients were negative for HBsAg. A total of 49.1% and 25.2% of the patients in the HD and HCV groups, respectively, were anti-HBc-positive. In addition, more anti-HBs-positive patients were detected in the HD group compared to the HCV group (52.1% and 11.4%, respectively). Three cases were positive for HBV DNA in the HD group, while eighteen positive cases were detected in the HCV group. Both study groups showed signifi cant differences in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level as well as anti-HBc, anti-HBs and HBV-DNA positivity. Conclusions: OBI was more prevalent among chronic HCV patients than HD patients in the Suez Canal region, Egypt, with rates of 8.5% and 1.8%, respectively. However, more precise assessment of this infection requires regular patient follow-up using HBV DNA detection methods.

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“…We were not able to compare our group of patients with genotype D with the other groups of HBV genotypes. However, according to the epidemiologic studies, prevalence of cirrhosis and HCC, the major complications of chronic HBV infection are relatively low in Iran (30)(31) and HCC is not included in the list of top ten cancers in Iranian population (regardless of role of HBV as an etiology) (32-35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HBV Surface Ag mutations in chronic carriers are rare in Baloochstan provinces of Iran: a community with a low rate of HBV-related cirrhosis and HCC

Ghaziasadi¹,

Ziai²,

Norouzi³

et al. 2011

Iran J Virol

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Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the hepatitis B virus surface Ag (HBsAg) genotypes and variations in the clinical/serological pictures among HBsAg positive chronic patients from South Khorasan province of Iran. Methods: Twenty-five patients were enrolled in this study. The HBs Ag gene was amplified and was directly sequenced. Genotypes and nucleotide/amino acid substitutions were characterized comparing with sequences obtained from the database. Results: All strains belonged to genotype D, subgenotype D1 and subtype ayw2. Eight samples (group I) contained at least one mutation at the single amino acid level. Five out of 8 samples showed ALT levels above the normal range of which only one sample was anti-HBe positive. Group II (17 samples) did not contain any mutation, 4 were anti-HBe positive and 9 had increased ALT levels. In both groups, in anti-HBe positive patients who showed high levels of ALT, only one sample had amino acid mutations. Conversely, 7 of 20 samples with HBeAg positivity had mutations. In both groups, from a total of 18 amino acid mutations, 5 (27.5%) and 13 (72.5%) occurred in anti-HBe and HBeAg positive groups respectively. In general, there was no correlation between the occurrence of mutations and HBeAg status/ALT levels of the patients. Conclusion:The relatively small number of nucleotide/amino acid mutations might belong to either the initial phase (tolerant phase) of chronicity in our patients, regardless of being anti-HBe positive; or that even in anti-HBe positive phase in Iranian genotype D-infected patients, a somehow tolerant pattern due to the host genetic factors may be responsible.

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Hepatitis B and C in dialysis units in Iran: Changing the epidemiology

Cited by 76 publications

References 27 publications

The Prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV Among Hemodialysis Patients Attending Duhok Hemodialysis Center

The Prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV Among Hemodialysis Patients Attending Duhok Hemodialysis Center

Occult HBV infection status among chronic hepatitis C and hemodialysis patients in Northeastern Egypt: regional and national overview

HBV Surface Ag mutations in chronic carriers are rare in Baloochstan provinces of Iran: a community with a low rate of HBV-related cirrhosis and HCC

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