Hepatitis A in day care centre

Chitambar, Shobha D.; Chadha, Mandeep S.; Yeolekar, Leena; Arankalle, Vidya A.

doi:10.1007/bf02730929

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In India, both HAV and HEV infections are endemic, HAV being mainly a disease of paediatric populations whereas HEV mainly affects young adults [13]. Epidemics of hepatitis A have been rare [24,26], whereas a large number of HEV outbreaks are reported from different parts of the country [12,27–29]. The disease also occurs in sporadic form and represents a major cause of acute viral hepatitis among Indian adults [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing epidemiology of hepatitis A and hepatitis E in urban and rural India (1982–98)

Arankalle

Ms²,

Sd³

et al. 2001

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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The epidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) was assessed among age-stratified urban high socioeconomic, lower middle socioeconomic status and rural populations from western India in 1998. When compared with previous surveys, a clear shift from high to intermediate endemicity of HAV was evident only for higher socioeconomic population (1982-98), raising the possibility of outbreaks of hepatitis A in this category. A decrease in anti-HAV positivity was noted in rural children aged 6-10 years. Lower circulation of HEV was noted among < 25-year-old urban higher socioeconomic and rural individuals. For both viruses, the lower middle socioeconomic populations were comparable in 1982 and 1998. Socioeconomic status and family size (odds ratio = 23 and 1.6, respectively) were independently associated with anti-HAV positivity. Age, lower middle socioeconomic status and well water were significant independent variables for HEV infection (odds ratio = 5.7, 2.4 and 1.9, respectively). Hence, vaccination policy for hepatitis A needs to be reviewed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing epidemiology of hepatitis A and hepatitis E in urban and rural India (1982–98)

Arankalle

Ms²,

Sd³

et al. 2001

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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“…The predominantly circulating genotype in India is genotype III A 8 10 11 12 . However, a few studies have reported circulation of genotype IA in New Delhi and also co-circulation of genotypes IIIA and IB has been reported from a day care center in Pune, western India 13 14 15 . The molecular characterization of the infectious agents is important, as it provides the information about the circulating strains in a particular region, the invasion of new strains from different geographical areas and their role in the pathogenesis and severity of the disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of hepatitis A virus strains in a tertiary care health set up in north western India

Singh¹,

Majumdar²,

Thapa³

et al. 2015

Indian J Med Res

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Background & objectives:Hepatitis A virus usually causes acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in the paediatric age group with a recent shift in age distribution and disease manifestations like acute liver failure (ALF). This has been attributed to mutations in 5’non-translated region (5’NTR) which affects the viral multiplication. The present study was aimed to carry out the molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis A virus strains circulating in north western India.Methods:Serum samples from in patients and those attending out patient department of Pediatric Gastroenterology in a tertiary care hospital in north India during 2007-2011 with clinically suspected AVH were tested for anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgM antibodies. Acute phase serum samples were subjected to nested PCR targeting the 5’NTR region followed by sequencing of the representative strains.Results:A total of 1334 samples were tested, 290 (21.7%) were positive for anti-HAV IgM antibody. Of these, 78 serum samples (< 7 days old) were subjected to PCR and 47.4% (37/78) samples showed the presence of HAV RNA. Children < 15 yr of age accounted for majority (94%) of cases with highest seropositivity during rainy season. Sequencing of 15 representative strains was carried out and the circulating genotype was found to be III A. The nucleotide sequences showed high homology among the strains with a variation ranging from 0.1-1 per cent over the years. An important substitution of G to A at 324 position was shown by both AVH and ALF strains. The cumulative substitution in AVH strains Vs ALF strains as compared to GBM, Indian and prototype strain in the 200-500 region of 5’ NTR was comparable.Interpretation & conclusion:Our results showed hepatitis A still a disease of children with III A as a circulating genotype in this region. The mutations at 5’NTR region warrant further analysis as these affect the structure of internal ribosomal entry site which is important for viral replication.

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“…As discussed before, this is a typical pattern of most childhood diseases (Galil et al, 2002), and hepatitis A as well (Chitambar et al, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The aim of the considered social distancing measures is to interrupt the chains of cases observed in day care centers and kindergartens, which are typical of many childhood diseases (Galil et al, 2002), and viral hepatitis A as well (Chitambar et al, 1996). This is possible thanks to the explicit representation of the individuals and of the places where person-to-person transmission can occur.…”

Section: Social Distancingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An individual-based model of hepatitis A transmission

Ajelli

Merler

2009

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Viral hepatitis A, as other endemic diseases, represents a public health priority worldwide. To study long-time scale human pathogens through individual-based simulations requires the development of a dynamic network of contacts. In this work, we introduce an individual-based model accounting for the birth and death of the individuals, the generation of new households, and the educational career of the individuals, in order to investigate viral hepatitis A dynamics in the most affected Italian areas. Intervention options such as targeted vaccination, social distancing measures (e.g. closure of day care centers and kindergartens) and improvements in standards of living and hygiene are evaluated. Results show that a very low vaccination coverage is sufficient to control hepatitis A in Italy, while its elimination is not possible since new cases are continuously imported from high endemicity areas outside the country. Finally, the considered social distancing measures can be counterproductive since the fraction of recovered individuals does not decline while the age at infection increases, thus augmenting the probability of developing acute symptoms. Preprint submitted to Elsevier 31 March 2009A c c e p t e d m a n u s c r i p t

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Hepatitis A in day care centre

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Changing epidemiology of hepatitis A and hepatitis E in urban and rural India (1982–98)

Changing epidemiology of hepatitis A and hepatitis E in urban and rural India (1982–98)

Molecular characterization of hepatitis A virus strains in a tertiary care health set up in north western India

An individual-based model of hepatitis A transmission

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