Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A

Irving, Greg; Holden, John; Yang, Ruijie; Pope, Daniel

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009051.pub2

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…For the unexposed groups we assumed that the miscarriage rate for pregnancies after hepatitis A vaccination is constant and independent of (that is, unrelated to) the time of vaccination as in the unvaccinated cohort, since we have no prior evidence that hepatitis A vaccine, which has been given to millions of women around the world, might have any effect (beneficial or harmful) on miscarriage. 18 19 20 To fully explore a more extended possible effect of bivalent HPV vaccine on miscarriage risk, we examined the miscarriage risk for pregnancies conceived at any time point relative to bivalent HPV vaccination (that is, without restricting to those in the 89 day window before or after vaccination) compared with all unexposed pregnancies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination on pregnancy outcomes: long term observational follow-up in the Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial

Panagiotou

Befano

González

et al. 2015

BMJ

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ObjeCtiveTo examine the effect of the bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine on miscarriage. DesignObservational long term follow-up of a randomized, double blinded trial combined with an independent unvaccinated population based cohort.setting Single center study in Costa Rica.PartiCiPants 7466 women in the trial and 2836 women in the unvaccinated cohort enrolled at the end of the randomized trial and in parallel with the observational trial component.interventiOn Women in the trial were assigned to receive three doses of bivalent HPV vaccine (n=3727) or the control hepatitis A vaccine (n=3739). Crossover bivalent HPV vaccination occurred in the hepatitis A vaccine arm at the end of the trial. Women in the unvaccinated cohort received (n=2836) no vaccination. Main OutCOMe MeasureRisk of miscarriage, defined by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as fetal loss within 20 weeks of gestation, in pregnancies exposed to bivalent HPV vaccination in less than 90 days and any time from vaccination compared with pregnancies exposed to hepatitis A vaccine and pregnancies in the unvaccinated cohort. resultsOf 3394 pregnancies conceived at any time since bivalent HPV vaccination, 381 pregnancies were conceived less than 90 days from vaccination. Unexposed pregnancies comprised 2507 pregnancies conceived after hepatitis A vaccination and 720 conceived in the unvaccinated cohort. Miscarriages occurred in 451 (13.3%) of all exposed pregnancies, in 50 (13.1%) of the pregnancies conceived less than 90 days from bivalent HPV vaccination, and in 414 (12.8%) of the unexposed pregnancies, of which 316 (12.6%) were in the hepatitis A vaccine group and 98 (13.6%) in the unvaccinated cohort. The relative risk of miscarriage for pregnancies conceived less than 90 days from vaccination compared with all unexposed pregnancies was 1.02 (95% confidence interval 0.78 to 1.34, one sided P=0.436) in unadjusted analyses.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination on pregnancy outcomes: long term observational follow-up in the Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial

Panagiotou

Befano

González

et al. 2015

BMJ

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“…Sexually transmitted hepatitis A outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM) have been frequently described [2-5]. The disease is vaccine-preventable and the vaccine is highly effective [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dating apps and websites as tools to reach anonymous sexual contacts during an outbreak of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men, Berlin, 2017

Ruscher

Werber²,

Thoulass

et al. 2019

Eurosurveillance

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Background In an outbreak of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Berlin (2016 and 2017), patients frequently reported anonymous sex and use of dating applications to meet sexual contacts, hampering tracing and vaccination of contacts. Aim Our objective was to evaluate dating apps and websites as a means of spreading prevention messages among MSM during the ongoing outbreak. Methods Advertisements in different formats were placed on three MSM dating apps and eight websites for anonymous dating during three weeks in March and April 2017. We calculated frequency of ads shown and click-through rates (CTR) and investigated the independent effect of format and platform on the number of clicks using a negative binomial regression model. We evaluated the campaign’s impact using a survey among visitors of a large gay-lesbian street-festival in Berlin. Results Overall, 1,920,180 ads were shown and clicked on 8,831 times (CTR = 0.46%). The multivariable model showed significantly more clicks on one dating app (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 9.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.7–12.2) than on websites and on full-screen ads (IRR = 3.1; 95% CI: 2.5–3.8) than on banner ads. Of 266 MSM who participated in the survey, 190 (71%) knew about the outbreak and 39 (15%) declared to have been vaccinated recently because of the campaign. Conclusions Dating apps provided a means to rapidly reach and influence a substantial number of MSM in Berlin and should complement case-based contact tracing among MSM in outbreak settings. Clicking on ads depended on platform and format used.

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“…11-14 The WHO considers that HAV vaccines of different brand names are interchangeable. 11 The antigen content differs between vaccines, 14,15 however, all are considered safe and immunogenic. 13,16-20 Long-term persistence of antibodies has been shown with 2-dose vaccination schedules in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of universal mass vaccination with monovalent inactivated hepatitis A vaccines – A systematic review

Stuurman¹,

Marano

Bunge³

et al. 2016

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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The WHO recommends integration of universal mass vaccination (UMV) against hepatitis A virus (HAV) in national immunization schedules for children aged ≥1 year, if justified on the basis of acute HAV incidence, declining endemicity from high to intermediate and cost-effectiveness. This recommendation has been implemented in several countries. Our aim was to assess the impact of UMV using monovalent inactivated hepatitis A vaccines on incidence and persistence of anti-HAV (IgG) antibodies in pediatric populations. We conducted a systematic review of literature published between 2000 and 2015 in PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS, IBECS identifying a total of 27 studies (Argentina, Belgium, China, Greece, Israel, Panama, the United States and Uruguay). All except one study showed a marked decline in the incidence of hepatitis A post introduction of UMV. The incidence in non-vaccinated age groups decreased as well, suggesting herd immunity but also rising susceptibility. Long-term anti-HAV antibody persistence was documented up to 17 y after a 2-dose primary vaccination. In conclusion, introduction of UMV in countries with intermediate endemicity for HAV infection led to a considerable decrease in the incidence of hepatitis A in vaccinated and in non-vaccinated age groups alike.

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Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A

Cited by 23 publications

References 138 publications

Effect of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination on pregnancy outcomes: long term observational follow-up in the Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial

Effect of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination on pregnancy outcomes: long term observational follow-up in the Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial

Dating apps and websites as tools to reach anonymous sexual contacts during an outbreak of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men, Berlin, 2017

Impact of universal mass vaccination with monovalent inactivated hepatitis A vaccines – A systematic review

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