Hepatic ontogenesis

Cornelius, Charles E.

doi:10.1002/hep.1840050625

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…In mammalian livers, hepatocytes are closely contacted with sinusoidal capillaries that form a dense network [2]. In teleosts, hepatocyte-sinusoidal structures are shown as a rough network [1-3,13]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative histological study of hepatic architecture in the three orders amphibian livers

Akiyoshi

Inoue

2012

Comp Hepatol

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BackgroundThis report presents a detailed description of hepatic architecture in 46 amphibian livers by light microscopy, and extensively discusses the phylogenetic viewpoint.ResultsThe 46 amphibian livers showed a variety of histological features, but anurans were the same as in mammalian livers. The hepatocyte-sinusoidal structures of the amphibian livers were classified into three different types: (I) several-cell-thick plate type, (II) two-cell-thick plate type, and (III) one-cell-thick plate type, depending on the percentage extension of sinusoidal areas per unit area, measured by morphometry. Hematopoietic tissue structures were observed in the connective tissue of both the perihepatic subcapsular regions and portal triads in the order Caudata and Gymnophiona, but were not observed in the order Anura (except for the genus Bombina and Xenopus). As phylogenetic relationships are branched from urodeles to anurans, the parenchyma arrangement progressed from the combined several- and two-cell-thick plate type to one-cell-thick plate type as seen in the mammalian liver type. In contrast, hematopoietic tissue structures were exactly the opposite and did not involve anurans.ConclusionsThis study is the first to investigate amphibian livers phylogenically, and their architectural differences are shown in the route of hepatic ontogenesis. In this process, parenchymal arrangement formation is acquired phylogenically. The occurrence of hematopoietic cells may be related with the development of the systemic immune system in the spleen and bone marrow.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative histological study of hepatic architecture in the three orders amphibian livers

Akiyoshi

Inoue

2012

Comp Hepatol

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“…The classification was based on the investigation of Elias and Bengelsdorf (1952) in several mammals. It is well known that the parenchymal arrangement of normal humans is formed of a one-cell-thick plate, but the livers of lower vertebrates are two-cell-thick plates or several cell-thick plates (Elias and Bengelsdorf, 1952;Rappaport, 1963;Motta, 1984;Cornelius, 1985). In fish livers, previous studies described that some fish had a similar structure to normal humans, while others were modified in a more primitive form (Nopanitaya et al, 1979b;Speilberg et al, 1994;Akiyoshi et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent aims have been as follows: (1) ecological and toxicological studies of the liver as a biomarker of environmental pollution (Braunbeck, 1994), (2) a histochemical study to establish whether the liver has a central role in metabolism (Orbea et al ., 1999;Jung et al ., 2002), (3) a pathological study of the liver as an important organ for the analysis of fish diseases (e.g., cholestasis and neoplasm) (Couch, 1991;1993;Okihiro and Hinton, 2000). From current zoological viewpoints, the themes of biodiversity or evolution have been focused and investigated (Gemballa et al ., 2003), but there has been little phylogenic research (Satoh, 1983;Cornelius, 1985;Akiyoshi et al ., 2001) in any vertebrates into the evolution of the liver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Histological Study of Teleost Livers in Relation to Phylogeny

Akiyoshi

Inoue

2004

Zoological Science

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This report presents a detailed description of hepatic architecture in 200 teleost livers by light microscopy and extensively discusses the phylogenetic viewpoint. The 200 teleost livers showed a great variety of histological images, but not the same image, as in mammalian livers. The hepatocyte-sinusoidal structures of the fish livers were classified into three different types: (a) cord-like form, (b) tubular form, (c) solid form. Biliary tract structures were classified into four types: (a) isolated type, (b) biliary-arteriolar tract (BAT) type, (c) biliary-venous tract (BVT) type, and (d) portal tract type. As phylogenic advancement is graded from low to high, the parenchymal arrangement progressed from solid or tubular form to cord-like form, but the biliary tract structures were not involved. We demonstrate that this study is the first to investigate teleost livers phylogenically, and their architectural differences are shown in the route of hepatic ontogenesis. In hepatic ontogenesis, the formation of the parenchymal arrangement is acquired phylogenically, but the biliary pathway may be adapted in the ecological and behavioral patterns.

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“…The primitive digestive gland in arthropods and mollusks is a single organ, called the hepatopancreas [21], which fulfills the functions of both the liver and pancreas in mammals. During mammalian embryogenesis [22] the pancreas and liver develop from diverticula of the foregut in the region of the later duodenum and develop into separate organs with both endocrine and exocrine functions.…”

Section: Repurposing Of the Early Trypsin Ancestor Complement Factor Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Expansion of the Serine Protease Repertoire in the Myelomonocyte Lineage

Weiß

Rehm

Perera

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The deepest evolutionary branches of the trypsin/chymotrypsin family of serine proteases are represented by the digestive enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract and the multi-domain proteases of the blood coagulation and complement system. Similar to the very old digestive system, highly diverse cleavage specificities emerged in various cell lineages of the immune defense system during vertebrate evolution. The four neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) expressed in the myelomonocyte lineage, neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, cathepsin G, and neutrophil serine protease 4, collectively display a broad repertoire of (S1) specificities. The origin of NSPs can be traced back to a circulating liver-derived trypsin-like protease, the complement factor D ancestor, whose activity is tightly controlled by substrate-induced activation and TNFα-induced locally upregulated protein secretion. However, the present-day descendants are produced and converted to mature enzymes in precursor cells of the bone marrow and are safely sequestered in granules of circulating neutrophils. The potential site and duration of action of these cell-associated serine proteases are tightly controlled by the recruitment and activation of neutrophils, by stimulus-dependent regulated secretion of the granules, and by various soluble inhibitors in plasma, interstitial fluids, and in the inflammatory exudate. An extraordinary dynamic range and acceleration of immediate defense responses have been achieved by exploiting the high structural plasticity of the trypsin fold.

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Hepatic ontogenesis

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Comparative histological study of hepatic architecture in the three orders amphibian livers

Comparative histological study of hepatic architecture in the three orders amphibian livers

Comparative Histological Study of Teleost Livers in Relation to Phylogeny

Origin and Expansion of the Serine Protease Repertoire in the Myelomonocyte Lineage

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