Hepatic interstitial laser photocoagulation: demonstration and possible clinical importance of intravascular gas.

Abstract

Gas was detected in the heart during some ILP exposures. Patients with a probe-patent foramen ovale (24% prevalence) could be at risk for paradoxic air embolus during ILP.

Multiphase helical CT findings after percutaneous ablation procedures for hepatocellular carcinoma

“…Marginal ablation is a key point: alcohol spreading during PEI may be incomplete in the tumor edge [1], and vessel proximity may prevent complete necrosis with RFTA and microwave coagulation and with cryoablation because of tissue cooling and of a heat sink effect [9,19,26,31]. In patients treated with cryosurgery, for example, a "cuff" of normal parenchyma has been observed around larger peritumoral vessels [32].…”

“…In other cases, the shape becomes oblong, especially in the direction of the percutaneous access path. We mainly detected slightly oblong lesions after RFTA, although we never identified the tear-drop shape reported in patients treated with percutaneous microwave coagulation [31] or with cryosurgery [32] and the crescent shape observed after acetic acid injection [17].…”

“…6) and are especially detected if the CT study is performed during the first days after treatment and when microwave coagulation [26], acetic acid injection [17], cryosurgery [32,33], ILP [34], or SS-PEI [4] has been performed. Instead, intranodular air densities are usually not recognized after MS-PEI [29,35], even in the series by Joseph et al [36], where scans were obtained immediately after CT-guided PEI, and in the series by Yoshikawa et al [35], where CT was performed 2-14 days after treatment.…”

Three-Dimensional Electrode Displacement Elastography Using the Siemens C7F2 fourSight Four-Dimensional Ultrasound Transducer

“…The occurrences of hyperechogenecity can be attributed to the presence of gas bubbles generated during the ablation procedure. Locations of these hyperechoic gas bubbles do not precisely correspond to the coagulated region (Malone et al 1994). Additionally, the gas bubbles usually disappear within an hour after the ablation procedure .…”

Interstitial laser-induced thermotherapy: Influence of carbonization on lesion size

“…Theoretically, the cavity formation associated with charring could predispose to infection. Also, vaporization of tissue has been shown to give rise to intracardiac gas of unknown clinical significance [7].…”