Hepatic Hemosiderosis in Red-Spectacled Amazons (Amazona pretrei) and Correlation with Nutritional Aspects

Pereira, Larissa Quinto; Strefezzi, Ricardo de Francisco; Catão‐Dias, José Luiz; Trindade, Michele Martins; Fighera, Rafael A.; Kommers, Gláucia D.; Lovato, Maristela

doi:10.1637/9553-941810-digest.1

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Hepatic accumulations (hepatic lipidosis, haemosiderosis and vacuolation) occurred in 15 of 25 (60 per cent) psittaciforms, previously characterised as metabolic or nutritional disorders 19 . Given the preponderance of inappropriate diets and hepatic accumulations, these findings are consistent with the literature that hepatic lipidosis and haemosiderosis are diseases of excess 27 28 . High‐energy diets and sedentary lifestyles predispose companion psittaciforms to hepatic lipidosis and obesity, particularly Amazon parrots 27 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Diagnostic value of plasma biochemistry, haematology, radiography and endoscopic visualisation for hepatic disease in psittacine birds

2020

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BackgroundHepatic disease in psittacine birds is common but challenging to diagnose. This retrospective study evaluates the diagnostic value of plasma biochemistry, haematology, radiography and endoscopic visualisation in psittaciforms with suspected hepatic disease that underwent endoscopic liver biopsy.MethodsClinical records of 28 companion psittaciforms from a veterinary teaching hospital (2007–2016) were reviewed. Diagnostic results were categorised as abnormal or normal and compared with histopathology for agreement or disagreement. Statistical significance was determined by kappa test for agreement and McNemar’s test for disagreement.Results11 of 28 psittaciforms (39.3 per cent) had clinical signs considered specific for liver disease. 25 of 28 (89.3 per cent) psittaciforms had histopathological liver lesions. Gross changes radiographically and endoscopically agreed with histopathology in 57.1 per cent and 53.6 per cent of cases, respectively. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (48.1 per cent), creatine phosphokinase (73.1 per cent) and albumin by protein electrophoresis (50 per cent) showed the highest agreement. Kappa was not significant for any parameters, while McNemar’s test for disagreement was significant for radiography, endoscopy, AST, lactate dehydrogenase, bile acid, total protein (chemistry), cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid and glucose.ConclusionOverall, changes on plasma biochemistry, radiography or endoscopy are non-specific and do not consistently agree with histopathology results. Endoscopic liver biopsy is highly recommended if there is clinical suspicion of hepatic disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Diagnostic value of plasma biochemistry, haematology, radiography and endoscopic visualisation for hepatic disease in psittacine birds

2020

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“…1 In one report, iron accumulation in the liver of red-spectacled Amazons (Amazona pretrei) could have occurred as a result of the high concentration of iron in commercial food compared with their natural diet. 8 The difference in diet between captive and wild birds is probably less important in species with a less specialized feeding behavior, such as A. aestiva and A. oratrix. As reported previously, 4 this study illustrates the link between high tissue iron levels and the risk of developing systemic infection by Y. pseudotuberculosis.…”

Section: Brief Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS, SEROGROUP O:1A, INFECTION IN TWO AMAZON PARROTS (AMAZONA AESTIVAANDAMAZONA ORATRIX) WITH HEPATIC HEMOSIDEROSIS

Galosi¹,

Farneti²,

Rossi³

et al. 2015

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Necropsies were conducted on a female blue-fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) and a female yellow-headed Amazon (Amazona oratrix) that died after depression, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, and biliverdin in the urine. Gross and microscopic examinations revealed multifocal necrosis in the liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, intestines, and heart caused by acute bacteremia. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, serogroup O:1a, was isolated by culturing from the visceral lesions in the liver, intestines, and spleen. Virulence gene analysis showed the presence of the inv gene and the complete pathogenicity island: IS100, psn, yptE, irp1, irp2 ybtP-ybtQ, ybtX-ybtS, and int asnT-Int. Histopathologic findings and chemical analysis also demonstrated hepatic hemosiderosis. As has been demonstrated in other species, hemosiderosis may predispose Amazona spp. to systemic infection with Y. pseudotuberculosis after enteric disease.

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Hepatic Hemosiderosis in Red-Spectacled Amazons (Amazona pretrei) and Correlation with Nutritional Aspects

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Diagnostic value of plasma biochemistry, haematology, radiography and endoscopic visualisation for hepatic disease in psittacine birds

Diagnostic value of plasma biochemistry, haematology, radiography and endoscopic visualisation for hepatic disease in psittacine birds

YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS, SEROGROUP O:1A, INFECTION IN TWO AMAZON PARROTS (AMAZONA AESTIVAANDAMAZONA ORATRIX) WITH HEPATIC HEMOSIDEROSIS

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