Hepatic hemangiomas: a multi-institutional study of appearance on T2-weighted and serial gadolinium-enhanced gradient-echo MR images.

Abstract

Three patterns of enhancement of hemangiomas were observed. High signal intensity on T2-weighted images provided complementary information.

Focal Liver Lesions

“…Hemangiomas show three distinctive patterns of enhancement at CT/MRI (type I to III) [29], where there is characteristically enhancement that closely follows the enhancement of blood pool elsewhere [30]. Small lesions (up to ~2 cm) may show immediate and complete enhancement in the arterial phase, with sustained enhancement in the venous and delayed phases (type I, "flash filling") [31] (Fig.…”

A comparative study of contrast enhanced ultrasound and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for the detection and characterization of hepatic hemangiomas

“…Characteristic CEMRI findings in hepatic hemangiomas were classified into three categories (22,23): i) nodular enhancement in the arterial phase with gradual cetripedal filling and hyperintense/ isointense change in the portal venous phase and delayed phase; ii) peripheral circular enhancement in the arterial phase with continuous centripedal filling and hyperintense/isointense change in the portal venous phase and delayed phase; iii) diffuse enhancement in the arterial phase with hyperintense change in the portal venous phase and delayed phase. Diagnostic criteria for hepatic hemangioma were: A) focal liver lesion as indicated by the presence of CEMRI features in categories i or ii; B) focal liver lesion as indicated by the presence of CEUS features in category iii and at least more than 2 features on unenhanced MRI.…”

Small hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas: value of diffusion-weighted imaging compared with “washout” appearance on dynamic MRI

“…We defined hypervascular benign or pseudolesions using the following criteria: no change or a decrease in lesion size or disappearance of the lesion on serial follow-up CT (at least 12 months or longer). We excluded typical haemangiomas depending on the imaging findings: bright hyperintensity on T 2 weighted images and gradual peripheral, globular and centrifugal enhancement or the bright dot sign on dynamic enhancing MRI [12]. Typical non-tumorous arterioportal venous shunts were also excluded in the presence of the following imaging findings: a subcapsular wedge-shaped arterial enhancement area in the liver without any distinguishable abnormal signal intensity on the pre-contrast T 1 and T 2 weighted images in addition to equilibrium phase post-contrast images [13].…”