Hepatic Cobalt and Copper Levels in Lambs in Norway

Sivertsen, Tore; Plassen, C.

doi:10.1186/1751-0147-45-69

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The results suggest that elevated copper concentrations in the livers of some lambs were likely unrelated to their grazing location. In a study involving 599 lambs grazing in six different areas across Norway, the average hepatic copper concentration varied from 5 to 240 mg/kg (ww) (corresponding to 15–750 mg/kg [dw], with 32% dry weight) (Sivertsen and Plassen 2004 ). This was in sheep herds, with no expected copper poisoning.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was in sheep herds, with no expected copper poisoning. In Sivertsen and Plassen ( 2004 ), one sheep herd grazed in an area close to Melbu (Sortland, in Vesterålen municipal, Nordland county), the mean hepatic copper concentration in this herd was 57 (5–230) mg/kg (ww) (corresponding to 178 (15–720) mg/kg [dw], with 32% dry weight). These results further strengthen the assumption that the hepatic copper concentrations found in sheep grazing on Melbu (245 mg/kg on range, 242 mg/kg outside range and 218 mg/kg unknown grazing area [dw]), was independent of the grazing area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While acute copper poisoning in sheep can occur, it is rare. Chronic copper poisoning, on the other hand, is more commonly observed in older animals that have accumulated copper in their liver over time (Sivertsen and Plassen 2004 ; Froslie et al 1985 ). Copper poisoning in cattle is rare, but acute cases have been reported, particularly in calves (Bradley 1993 ; Minervino et al 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation of copper and lead in ruminants grazing on a contaminated shooting range in Nordland County, Norway

Johnsen,

Aaneby

2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Shooting ranges contain copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) contamination, which can be a risk for grazing ruminants. This study examines the accumulation of lead and copper in blood of lambs and calves, as well as in the liver of lambs. It compares these results with those of a previous study, which calculated the ingested dose of copper and lead based on soil ingestion and concentration in soil and plants. Blood samples were collected both before and after the grazing period that lasted from late May to mid-September. Liver samples were obtained during the slaughter of the lambs in the fall. Out of 61 liver samples, only one (3.7 mg Pb/kg dw) exceeding the presumed normal level in lamb liver of 3 mg/kg (dw). Copper concentrations exceeding the normal (300 mg/kg dw) concentration was found in 14 of the liver samples (341–1877 mg Cu/kg dw). Among these, two liver samples (1069 and 1877 mg Cu/kg dw) exceeded the level at which sheep are poisoned (1000 mg/kg dw). There was no statistically significant difference in the copper and lead concentration in liver of lambs that did and did not have the shooting range as part of their pasture. The average concentration of copper (lamb: 1.1 ± 0.37 µg Cu/g, calves: 0.6 ± 0.16 µg Cu/g) and lead (lamb: 0.010 ± 0.008 µg Pb/g calves: 0.01 ± 0.014 µg Pb/g) in the blood samples collected from the lambs and calves did not exceed the upper limit of what is considered normal (sheep: 1.35 mg Cu/kg and 0.3 mg Pb/kg, cattle: 1.7 mg Cu/kg and 0.35 mg Pb/kg). Copper concentration in the blood was notably higher in samples collected from the sheep before (1.3 ± 0.35 µg Cu/g) compared to after (0.8 ± 0.22 µg Cu/g) the grazing period. No statistically significant difference was found in lead and copper concentrations in the blood of lambs and calves grazing inside (lamb: 0.7 ± 0.21 µg Cu/g and 0.01 ± 0.008 µg Pb/g, calves: 0.6 ± 0.16 µg Cu/g and 0.02 ± 0.020 µg Pb/g) and outside (lamb: 0.9 ± 0.21 µg Cu/g and 0.13 ± 0.008 µg Pb/g, calves: 0.6 ± 0.17 µg Cu/g and 0.009 µg Pb/g) the shooting range. Grazing on areas contaminated by shooting activity did not appear to have any major implications for the accumulation of copper and lead in blood of cattle and sheep, as well as in the liver of sheep. The findings from this study indicate that employing site specific risk assessments for ruminants incorporating soil ingestion represents a viable approach.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation of copper and lead in ruminants grazing on a contaminated shooting range in Nordland County, Norway

Johnsen,

Aaneby

2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…One of the most widely spread TM deficiency is with Cu [17]. In a study assessing Cu deficiency in grazing sheep [18], it was found that serum and liver Cu content were not in the normal physiological range (7-24 µmol/L and 10-120 mg/kg fresh matter for serum and liver Cu concentration, respectively [19]), even though the Cu content of the grazed herbage (8.61 and 9.26 mg/kg DM for two analyzed pastures) was within the range to cover nutritional requirements for sheep (5-10 mg/kg DM) [5]. The low Cu absorption was mostly due to the high Mo content (>11 mg/kg DM) of the grass [15,18].…”

Section: Trace Mineral Deficiency In Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminant Trace Minerals Deficiency and the Potential Link Between the Source and Rumen Interaction. A Review

Vigh¹,

Criste²,

Corcionivoschi³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Dietary inclusion of trace minerals (TM), such as copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) is of importance to cover the ever-evolving requirements for growth, production, and reproduction in ruminants. Various sources of TM are commercially available, such as inorganic (ITM), organic (OTM) or hydroxy (HTM) forms, however their bioavailability and efficiency to improve ruminant zootechnical parameters may be highly influenced by ruminal solubility and effects on the rumen environment. The objective of this review was to compile the most up-to-date information on the ruminal solubility of ITM, OTM and HTM, and their effects on fermentation parameters and rumen microbiota, aiming to support specialists from the animal feed industry when choosing TM products for ruminant supplementation. Some commonly used ITM sources, like sulfates, have a high ruminal solubility, while oxides are less soluble. The ruminal solubility of OTM is mostly found to be high, however data on these TM forms are still lacking. Regarding HTM, ruminal solubility is reported to be low, nevertheless results are inconsistent. Considering rumen fermentation, ITM show a negative effect, OTM might improve, while HTM do not affect parameters like dry matter degradability, volatile fatty acid production, pH, or microbial protein synthesis. As to rumen microbiota, ITM do not affect microbial populations; OTM could decrease abundance of some specific bacteria, like fibrolytic microorganisms, while studies with HTM are missing or inconclusive. Further research is necessary to better understand the ruminal solubility kinetics of TM sources and the different interactions with fermentation parameters and rumen microbiota to successfully apply precision TM supplementation of ruminants, tackling deficiency occurrences.

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