Hepatic Activity and Transcription of Betaine-Homocysteine Methyltransferase, Methionine Synthase, and Cystathionine Synthase in Periparturient Dairy Cows Are Altered to Different Extents by Supply of Methionine and Choline

Glutathione metabolism and nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2)-related proteins in adipose tissue are altered by supply of ethyl-cellulose rumen-protected methionine in peripartal Holstein cows

“…The concentration of ROS is a well-established biomarker for oxidative stress. The lower plasma ROS concentration detected in the entire cohort of cows (Batistel et al, , 2018 used in this study agreed with previous data indicating a lower oxidative stress status (Osorio et al, 2014a;Zhou et al, 2016bZhou et al, , 2017. Although we did not attempt to quantify Met content in subcutaneous adipose, the lower concentration of MDA (measure of peroxides derived from PUFA) in cows fed Met suggests a less pronounced state of oxidative stress, which is consistent with plasma data from the bigger cohort of cows in this study (Batistel et al, 2018).…”

“…Glutathione (GSH) is a well-established antioxidant in cells and plays a critical role in the maintenance and regulation of the thiol-redox status (Aquilano et al, 2014). Methionine, which is one of the most-limiting AA for lactating dairy cattle, participates in one-carbon metabolism and synthesis of GSH, both of which occur primarily in the liver (Martinov et al, 2010;Zhou et al, 2016aZhou et al, , 2017. When Lys was adequate, feeding RPM to achieve a Lys: Met ratio close to 2.8:1 in the MP during the periparturient period consistently alleviated oxidative stress status and inflammation in dairy cows and improved DMI and milk yield (Osorio et al, 2014b;Batistel et al, 2017;Zhou et al, 2017).…”

“…Methionine, which is one of the most-limiting AA for lactating dairy cattle, participates in one-carbon metabolism and synthesis of GSH, both of which occur primarily in the liver (Martinov et al, 2010;Zhou et al, 2016aZhou et al, , 2017. When Lys was adequate, feeding RPM to achieve a Lys: Met ratio close to 2.8:1 in the MP during the periparturient period consistently alleviated oxidative stress status and inflammation in dairy cows and improved DMI and milk yield (Osorio et al, 2014b;Batistel et al, 2017;Zhou et al, 2017). Previous data have provided some indication that adipose may play a role in the induction of oxidative stress (Bernabucci et al, 2005;Contreras et al, 2017).…”

Methionine and choline supply alter transmethylation, transsulfuration, and cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine pathways to different extents in isolated primary liver cells from dairy cows

“…The initial step in transmethylation involves the conversion of Met to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the principal donor of methyl groups, followed by metabolism to homocysteine via the S-adenosyl homocysteine intermediate (Tavares et al, 2016). Homocysteine can then either be recycled back to Met in a folate/Chol-dependent manner or can be rapidly converted to cystathionine and then to taurine and glutathione (the major intracellular Methionine and choline supply alter transmethylation, transsulfuration, and cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine pathways to different extents in isolated primary liver cells from dairy cows Y. F. Zhou,* † Z. Zhou, ‡ F. Batistel, † I. Martinez-Cortés, § R. T. Pate, † D. L. Luchini,# and J. J. Loor † 1 antioxidants) via the transsulfuration pathway (Kalhan and Marczewski, 2012;Tavares et al, 2016;Zhou et al, 2017). Data indicate that methyl group transfer in ruminant and nonruminant species is closely related to the metabolism of Met and Chol (Corbin and Zeisel, 2012).…”

“…Dietary Met and Chol supplementation around parturition in rumen-protected form increased milk yield and milk protein concentration (Sales et al, 2010;Osorio et al, 2013;Zhou et al, 2016c), and Met improved immunometabolic status in dairy cows during the peripartal period (Osorio et al, 2014b;Zhou et al, 2016a). Furthermore, compared with Chol, greater supply of Met resulted in increased antioxidant concentration in liver tissue in spite of lower concentration of PC (Zhou et al, 2017). Those responses were due to the greater abundance of phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase (PEMT) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS; Zhou et al, 2017).…”