Heparin Enriched-WPI Coating on Ti6Al4V Increases Hydrophilicity and Improves Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

Abstract

Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) is one of the most prominent biomaterials for bone contact because of its ability to bear mechanical loading and resist corrosion. The success of Ti6Al4V implants depends on bone formation on the implant surface. Hence, implant coatings which promote adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of bone-forming cells are desirable. One coating strategy is by adsorption of biomacromolecules. In this study, Ti6Al4V substrates produced by additive manufacturing (AM) were coated with whey protein isolate (WPI) fibrils, obtained at pH 2, and heparin or tinzaparin (a low molecular weight heparin LMWH) in order to improve the proliferation and differentiation of bone-forming cells. WPI fibrils proved to be an excellent support for the growth of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC). Indeed, WPI fibrils were resistant to sterilization and were stable during storage. This WPI-heparin-enriched coating, especially the LMWH, enhanced the differentiation of hBMSC by increasing tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) activity. Finally, the coating increased the hydrophilicity of the material. The results confirmed that WPI fibrils are an excellent biomaterial which can be used for biomedical coatings, as they are easily modifiable and resistant to heat treatments. Indeed, the already known positive effect on osteogenic integration of WPI-only coated substrates has been further enhanced by a simple adsorption procedure.

Heparinized Collagen Scaffolds Based on Schiff Base Bonds for Wound Dressings Accelerate Wound Healing without Scar

“…OL-pA-4 has the smallest WCA at 19.7°. It has been known that OLMWH molecules contain many polar groups and have excellent hydrophilicity, 37 the hydrophilic enhancement of OL-pA proved that OLMWH had successfully introduced hydrophilic groups into OL-pA through multi-point cross-linking, single-point cross-linking, or physical adsorption with pADM. PADM is a hydrophilic material, using OLMWH to cross-link with it will consume part of the original hydrophilic amino groups, but the hydrophilic groups in the introduced OLMWH molecule can play a replacement role.…”

Bioinspired Silk Fibroin Mineralization for Advanced In Vitro Bone Remodeling Models

“…As there was no clear cytotoxic effect of the addition of pAsp to the SF in our study, the addition of higher concentrations of pAsp needs to be investigated. This might further increase the hydrophilicity and therefore also improve cell proliferation, osteoprogenitor differentiation, and osteoclastic resorption as reported in literature [34–37] . These effects where not observed with the addition of 5% pAsp.…”

“…Although the addition of pAsp to the material did not improve mineralization, this condition was still included to investigate the influence of bound pAsp on mineral distribution throughout the scaffold. In addition, the increased hydrophilicity and roughness of the SF w/5% pAsp films might still be beneficial for cell proliferation, osteoprogenitor differentiation, and osteoclastic resorption [34][35][36][37] .…”

Bioinspired Silk Fibroin Mineralization for Advanced In Vitro Bone Remodeling Models

“…This might further increase the hydrophilicity and therefore also improve cell proliferation, osteoprogenitor differentiation, and osteoclastic resorption as reported in literature. [ 37–40 ] These effects were not observed with the addition of 5% pAsp. However, the stiffness is expected to decrease further with higher concentrations of pAsp which could affect cell behavior.…”