Heparan Sulfate in Immune Responses^a

The Positively Charged COOH-terminal Glycosaminoglycan-binding CXCL9(74–103) Peptide Inhibits CXCL8-induced Neutrophil Extravasation and Monosodium Urate Crystal-induced Gout in Mice

“…The exact composition of the GAGs on endothelial cells and in the extracellular matrix has been shown to depend on the type and location of the cells and the pathophysiological state of the tissue (63,64). Further in vivo investigation is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of the peptide in specific inflammation models (with different GAG profiles) ] i , in nM) were calculated from the continuously measured fluorescence intensity ratio of Fura-2 (510 nm) in a LSB50 luminescence spectrophotometer.…”

Polyanionic Microbicides Modify Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Cervicovaginal Immune Responses

“…The binding of a cytokine to heparan sulfate may have a number of functions, either facilitating or inhibiting the cytokine's biological activity. DxS and PSS may act as synthetic analogs of heparan sulfate and other sulfated glycosaminoglycans, which regulate the function of chemokines, e.g., IL-8 (59). The sequestration of proinflammatory cytokines at the cell surface has been shown to induce the synthesis and secretion of heparanase, an enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate in epithelial and endothelial cells and has proinflammatory activity (13).…”

Cell-surface Proteoglycan Expression by Lymphocytes from Peripheral Blood and Gingiva in Health and Periodontal Disease

“…Inhibition of synthesis of heparan sulphate results in a decrease in the production of IL-1 alpha, which in turn can prevent the synthesis of CD4, CD8, and TCR molecules. Further evidence for roles of cell-surface proteoglycans in lymphocyte function is noted whereby T-cell adhesion is influenced by the binding of MIP-1 beta and RANTES to the extracellular matrix via heparan sulfate proteoglycans (Selvan et al, 1996). Furthermore, the metabolism of cell-surface heparan sulfate may regulate the alloreactive cytotoxic T-cell responses (Wrenshall et a/., 1994).…”