Henipaviruses and Fruit Bats, Papua New Guinea

Field, Hume; Jong, C. E. de; Halpin, Kim; Smith, Craig S.

doi:10.3201/eid1904.111912

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…2012; Field et al. 2013; de Wit and Munster, 2015a; Majid and Majid Warsi 2018). Fruit bats are the major reservoirs of the virus and it is the contact with such bats (infected) or intermediate hosts like pigs which are responsible for infection in man.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies – a comprehensive review

Singh

Dhama

Chakraborty³

et al. 2019

Veterinary Quarterly

168

125

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Nipah (Nee-pa) viral disease is a zoonotic infection caused by Nipah virus (NiV), a paramyxovirus belonging to the genus Henipavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. It is a biosafety level-4 pathogen, which is transmitted by specific types of fruit bats, mainly Pteropus spp. which are natural reservoir host. The disease was reported for the first time from the Kampung Sungai Nipah village of Malaysia in 1998. Human-to-human transmission also occurs. Outbreaks have been reported also from other countries in South and Southeast Asia. Phylogenetic analysis affirmed the circulation of two major clades of NiV as based on currently available complete N and G gene sequences. NiV isolates from Malaysia and Cambodia clustered together in NiV-MY clade, whereas isolates from Bangladesh and India clusterered within NiV-BD clade. NiV isolates from Thailand harboured mixed population of sequences. In humans, the virus is responsible for causing rapidly progressing severe illness which might be characterized by severe respiratory illness and/or deadly encephalitis. In pigs below six months of age, respiratory illness along with nervous symptoms may develop. Different types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays along with molecular methods based on polymerase chain reaction have been developed for diagnostic purposes. Due to the expensive nature of the antibody drugs, identification of broad-spectrum antivirals is essential along with focusing on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). High pathogenicity of NiV in humans, and lack of vaccines or therapeutics to counter this disease have attracted attention of researchers worldwide for developing effective NiV vaccine and treatment regimens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies – a comprehensive review

Singh

Dhama

Chakraborty³

et al. 2019

Veterinary Quarterly

168

125

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“…Additionally, NiV surveillance in areas where no NiV outbreaks have been reported is ongoing. Extensive studies and sample collections (swabs, sera, saliva, and urine) and analyses from bats have indicated that in addition to the countries where NiV outbreaks have occurred, NiV is also distributed in China (Yan et al 2008), Vietnam (Hasebe et al 2012), Thailand (Supaporn et al 2005), Cambodia (Reynes et al 2005), Indonesia (Sendow et al 2010), East Timor (Breed et al 2013), Madagascar (Iehlé et al 2007), New Caledonia (Enchéry and Horvat 2017) and Papua New Guinea (Breed et al 2010; Field et al 2013) (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Geographical Distribution Of Nipah Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography, Transmission, and Viral Proteins of Nipah Virus

et al. 2018

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Nipah virus (NiV), a zoonotic paramyxovirus belonging to the genus Henipavirus, is classified as a Biosafety Level-4 pathogen based on its high pathogenicity in humans and the lack of available vaccines or therapeutics. Since its initial emergence in 1998 in Malaysia, this virus has become a great threat to domestic animals and humans. Sporadic outbreaks and person-to-person transmission over the past two decades have resulted in hundreds of human fatalities. Epidemiological surveys have shown that NiV is distributed in Asia, Africa, and the South Pacific Ocean, and is transmitted by its natural reservoir, Pteropid bats. Numerous efforts have been made to analyze viral protein function and structure to develop feasible strategies for drug design. Increasing surveillance and preventative measures for the viral infectious disease are urgently needed.

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“…Nipah virus (family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus ) is hosted by various Pteropus fruit bat species with partially overlapping ranges across countries of South and Southeast Asia [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ] and potentially the Philippines, where an outbreak of illness in humans and horses from a Nipah-like virus occurred [ 22 ]. The range of henipaviruses including Hendra [ 23 ], Cedar [ 24 ], and others [ 25 , 26 , 27 ] extends throughout the geographic range of pteropodid bats to Australia, Indian Ocean islands, and sub-Saharan Africa [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecology of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh: A Nexus of Land-Use Change and Opportunistic Feeding Behavior in Bats

McKee

Islam

Luby

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Nipah virus is a bat-borne paramyxovirus that produces yearly outbreaks of fatal encephalitis in Bangladesh. Understanding the ecological conditions that lead to spillover from bats to humans can assist in designing effective interventions. To investigate the current and historical processes that drive Nipah spillover in Bangladesh, we analyzed the relationship among spillover events and climatic conditions, the spatial distribution and size of Pteropus medius roosts, and patterns of land-use change in Bangladesh over the last 300 years. We found that 53% of annual variation in winter spillovers is explained by winter temperature, which may affect bat behavior, physiology, and human risk behaviors. We infer from changes in forest cover that a progressive shift in bat roosting behavior occurred over hundreds of years, producing the current system where a majority of P. medius populations are small (median of 150 bats), occupy roost sites for 10 years or more, live in areas of high human population density, and opportunistically feed on cultivated food resources—conditions that promote viral spillover. Without interventions, continuing anthropogenic pressure on bat populations similar to what has occurred in Bangladesh could result in more regular spillovers of other bat viruses, including Hendra and Ebola viruses.

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Henipaviruses and Fruit Bats, Papua New Guinea

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies – a comprehensive review

Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies – a comprehensive review

Phylogeography, Transmission, and Viral Proteins of Nipah Virus

The Ecology of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh: A Nexus of Land-Use Change and Opportunistic Feeding Behavior in Bats

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