Abstract:In this research work, the effects of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide treatment of hemp fiber on the water absorption, mechanical, and tribological properties of hemp fiber reinforced epoxy composites (HFREC) were investigated. The change in surface roughness and fiber size after chemical treatment was confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the removal of hemicellulose and lignin content of the fiber after both the chemical treatment. X-… Show more
“…The wear surface of the uncoated HFREC was also marked by extreme fiber cutting and wear debris from both the fiber and the matrix. 35,37 This validates the poor wear resistance of uncoated HFREC among all the wear tested composites. The nature of the wear process was adhesive in the beginning but due to the fiber pullout it may have converted into abrasive wear.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 67%
“…34 Increased material loss from the composite surface can also be due to the removal of lubricant layer at higher load. 35 The PLA coated fiber composites exhibited minimum volume loss of 90.3 mm 3 at 15 N normal load and the uncoated HFREC exhibited the maximum volume loss of 355.4 mm 3 at 30 N normal load among all the composites tested at different applied loads.Figure 9.Volume loss versus Applied load for untreated HFREC, PHB coated HFREC, and PLA coated HFREC.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…It can be possible that the prior treatment of fiber with sodium hydrogen carbonate may have improved the fibers' surface roughness and the polymer coating (PHB and PLA) of the fiber may have reduced its hydrophilic nature contributing to its improved mechanical interlocking with epoxy matrix. 16,17,35,37 This may be the possible explanation for the increased wear resistance of the coated HFREC. From Figure 9 and Figure 10, it was also observed that the PLA coated HFREC showed the lowest volume loss, followed by PHB coated HFREC and uncoated HFREC.…”
Section: Effect Of Fiber Coatings On Water Absorption Properties Of H...mentioning
The present research work investigated the influence of biodegradable polymer coatings of hemp fiber on the structural, water absorption, mechanical and tribological properties of hemp fiber and hemp fiber reinforced epoxy composites (HFREC). Hemp fibers were initially treated with sodium hydrogen carbonate and then coated with biodegradable polymers like polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA). SEM images of the coated fibers showed a visible change in fiber surface and improvement in surface roughness, while; XRD analysis indicated the improvement in crystallinity of the coated fibers resulting in enhanced interfacial adhesion between the coated fibers and the epoxy matrix. The experimental results also revealed that both PHB and PLA coatings of the fibers have resulted in improvement of water resistance and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, modulus and impact strength of coated HFREC. Tribological test results also revealed that the coated HFREC have improved wear and frictional properties in comparison to uncoated HFREC. The best tribological and mechanical properties were exhibited by PLA coated HFREC, which was also confirmed through the SEM images of worn and fractured surfaces of the uncoated and coated hemp fiber composites.
“…The wear surface of the uncoated HFREC was also marked by extreme fiber cutting and wear debris from both the fiber and the matrix. 35,37 This validates the poor wear resistance of uncoated HFREC among all the wear tested composites. The nature of the wear process was adhesive in the beginning but due to the fiber pullout it may have converted into abrasive wear.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 67%
“…34 Increased material loss from the composite surface can also be due to the removal of lubricant layer at higher load. 35 The PLA coated fiber composites exhibited minimum volume loss of 90.3 mm 3 at 15 N normal load and the uncoated HFREC exhibited the maximum volume loss of 355.4 mm 3 at 30 N normal load among all the composites tested at different applied loads.Figure 9.Volume loss versus Applied load for untreated HFREC, PHB coated HFREC, and PLA coated HFREC.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…It can be possible that the prior treatment of fiber with sodium hydrogen carbonate may have improved the fibers' surface roughness and the polymer coating (PHB and PLA) of the fiber may have reduced its hydrophilic nature contributing to its improved mechanical interlocking with epoxy matrix. 16,17,35,37 This may be the possible explanation for the increased wear resistance of the coated HFREC. From Figure 9 and Figure 10, it was also observed that the PLA coated HFREC showed the lowest volume loss, followed by PHB coated HFREC and uncoated HFREC.…”
Section: Effect Of Fiber Coatings On Water Absorption Properties Of H...mentioning
The present research work investigated the influence of biodegradable polymer coatings of hemp fiber on the structural, water absorption, mechanical and tribological properties of hemp fiber and hemp fiber reinforced epoxy composites (HFREC). Hemp fibers were initially treated with sodium hydrogen carbonate and then coated with biodegradable polymers like polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA). SEM images of the coated fibers showed a visible change in fiber surface and improvement in surface roughness, while; XRD analysis indicated the improvement in crystallinity of the coated fibers resulting in enhanced interfacial adhesion between the coated fibers and the epoxy matrix. The experimental results also revealed that both PHB and PLA coatings of the fibers have resulted in improvement of water resistance and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, modulus and impact strength of coated HFREC. Tribological test results also revealed that the coated HFREC have improved wear and frictional properties in comparison to uncoated HFREC. The best tribological and mechanical properties were exhibited by PLA coated HFREC, which was also confirmed through the SEM images of worn and fractured surfaces of the uncoated and coated hemp fiber composites.
“…The phenomenon of fibre swelling due to the high propensity for water sorption creates difficulties if hemp fibres are used as reinforcements of a composite. To reduce the negative effect of hydrophilic fibres on composite quality, specific modification processes for the fibres are applied [ 18 , 44 , 51 , 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”
Section: Hemp Fibres Characteristicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…negative effect of hydrophilic fibres on composite quality, specific modification processes for the fibres are applied [18,44,51,[57][58][59].…”
Section: Moisture Sorption Ability and Fibre Swellingmentioning
Over the last several decades, Cannabis sativa L. has become one of the most fashionable plants. To use the hemp potential for the development of a sustainable textile bio-product sector, it is necessary to learn about the effect of the processes creating hemp’s value chain on fibre properties. This review presents a multi-perspective approach to industrial hemp as a resource delivering textile fibres. This article extensively explores the current development of hemp fibre processes including methods of fibre extraction and processing and comprehensive fibre characteristics to indicate the challenges and opportunities regarding Cannabis sativa L. Presented statistics prove the increasing interest worldwide in hemp raw material and hemp-based bio-products. This article discusses the most relevant findings in terms of the effect of the retting processes on the composition of chemical fibres resulting in specific fibre properties. Methods of fibre extraction include dew retting, water retting, osmotic degumming, enzymatic retting, steam explosion and mechanical decortication to decompose pectin, lignin and hemicellulose to remove them from the stem with varying efficiency. This determines further processes and proves the diversity of ways to produce yarn by employing different spinning systems such as linen spinning, cotton and wool spinning technology with or without the use of the decortication process. The aim of this study is to provide knowledge for better understanding of the textile aspects of hemp fibres and their relationship to applied technological processes.
Present research work aims to know the significance of nanofiller aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) loading on viscoelastic behavior and ballistic impact behavior of Kevlar/snake grass fiber (SGF) hybrid epoxy composites. A mechanical stirring process was used to modify the epoxy matrix by adding different weights (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) of the nanofiller Al 2 O 3 . The manual lay-up method by subsequent hot pressing was used to create the Al 2 O 3 -added Kevlar/SGF hybrid epoxy composites. The tensile, interlaminar shear, flexural, and impact strength were tested. When compared to the control sample, the 2 wt% fillerloaded hybrid composites had higher tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and interlaminar shear strength by 6.42%, 6.11%, 53.11%, and 11.08%, respectively. Furthermore, morphological analysis was performed on the mechanically tested samples to forecast the failure mechanism. The 2 wt% filler-loaded hybrid epoxy composites demonstrated effective interfacial bonding with matrix and minimal fiber pullout, according to micrograph images.The developed hybrid composites were subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The DMA results demonstrated that hybrid composites with 8 wt % filler had better viscoelastic behavior than the control sample. Under a ballistic impact test, the ability of the Kevlar/SGF composites with nano Al 2 O 3 inclusion to absorb energy was assessed. According to the findings, incorporating nano Al 2 O 3 into Kevlar/SGF composites strengthened their ballistic impact resistance and energy absorption. The addition of 8 wt% nanofiller resulted in high energy absorption, according to ballistic impact studies. As compared to the control sample, the composite sample with 8% filler reveals a 68.80% enhanced energy absorption. Furthermore, the composite samples with the optimal wt% Al 2 O 3 nanofiller can be used to mold impact-resistant materials for a bulletproof vest.
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