Hemostatic Evaluation of Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation

Abstract

Significant hemostatic abnormalities can occur during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). This study addressed three goals: 1)evaluation of the hemostatic mechanism at each stage of the OLT; 2) the relationship of the coagulation process with the thrombelastograph (TEG); and 3) comparison of results in patients requiring retransplantation or who died, with the overall pattern. To evaluate hemostasis during 50 consecutive OLTs, a detailed coagulation and TEG study was done. The surgical procedure was divided into the following stages: Stage I--induction of anesthesia to occlusion of blood flow to the patient’ s diseased liver; Stage II—occlusion of blood flow to the patient’ s diseased liver to reperfusion of the patient’ s new liver; and Stage III—reperfusion of the new liver until skin closure. 28 ml of arterial blood were sampled at the beginning and end of each stage and up to five days posttransplantation for the following: platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors V, VII, IX, and X, plasminogen, antiplasmin, antithrombin III (functional and immunologic), fibrinolytic split products, and TEG. The patient’ s core temperature and amount of blood products transfused were obtained intraoperatively during each of the six data times. The ischemia time of the donor liver was recorded. Significant hemostatic abnormalities developed during each of the 50 OLTs, especially during reperfusion of the donor liver. In some instances, this was corrected within one hour, but platelet counts continued to fall, and a number of coagulation factors rebounded only partially. The TEG values correlated with laboratory data and blood loss, but the correlations were not strong. The patient’ s requirement for red cells varied with the operative drop in temperature; however, the donor liver ischemia time and length of Stage II made no significant difference. It is concluded that 1) significant deterioration of coagulation factors occurs during OLT, 2) the TEG is an effective screening test that affords prompt information, 3) aggressive measures should be taken to maintain the patient’ s body temperature at 37°C, 4) patient outcome was not predicted by intraoperative hemostatic evaluation.

Hepatic Artery Thrombosis After Pediatric Liver Transplantation—a Medical or Surgical Event?1

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