Hemostatic Electrospun Nanocomposite Containing Poly(lactic acid)/Halloysite Nanotube Functionalized by Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer for Wound Healing Application: In Vitro and In Vivo Assays

Abstract

The main challenge in treating injuries is excessive bleeding whereas intervention is required if the body's hemostatic systems fail to control the bleeding. Herein, a novel nanocomposite consisting of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer functionalized halloysite nanotube (HNT) with a highly porous structure via electrospinning is developed. HNT is functionalized by PAMAM via divergent synthetic routes from zero to third‐generation numbers. The effect of different percentages and generation numbers of PAMAM dendrimer (G1, G2, and G3) functionalized HNT on PLA is studied using physicochemical nanocomposite characteristics. These resultant nanocomposites provide a nanofibrous structure with appropriate physicochemical characteristics such as mechanical properties, surface wettability, and water permeability. The hemostatic assays indicate that nanocomposite with PAMAM G3 functionalized HNT have the quickest blood clotting time due to the abundant amino functional group. Furthermore, the nanocomposites with 10 wt% of nanoparticles significantly promote cellular behavior in vitro. The in vivo study demonstrates that PLA/PAMAM G3 functionalized HNT promotes angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and re‐epithelialization in the wound sites of the rat model, as well as inhibiting inflammatory response. The findings indicate that nanofibrous structure and the presence of dendrimer functionalized HNT have a synergetic effect on the enhanced nanocomposite wound healing performance.

Two-dimensional nanovermiculite and polycaprolactone electrospun fibers composite scaffolds promoting diabetic wound healing

“…Herein, the concept of combining VMT NSs with PCL was proposed for promoting skin wound healing. Silicate minerals are emerging biomaterials, such as montmorillonite [ 48 ], laponite [ 49 ], and halloysite [ 50 ], which are widely used for tissue engineering. VMT is a natural silicate mineral that is frequently employed in a variety of fields owing to its simplicity of production into nanosheets.…”

Electrospun organic/inorganic hybrid nanofibers for accelerating wound healing: a review

“…Clay mineral materials such as montmorillonite are frequently employed in the preparation of organic/inorganic hybrid nanofibers for wound hemostasis. 62,65,82,83 Zhang and colleagues 62 prepared various nanoclay-based electrospun membranes (NEMs) (Fig. 4a) by incorporating sheet-like kaolinite (morphology is shown in Fig.…”

Micro and Nano Clay-Biopolymer Composites for Drug Delivery

“…The loading of halloysite tubes for proteins and DNA is a very fascinating phenomenon, these nano-tube formulations worked as a container for the loading of DNA/proteins which have sizes of 3-8nm. Besides that, the internal-loading of negative proteins with the help of electrostatic interaction into the tubes is also possible by avoiding their external adsorption [70]. Halloysite clay nano-tubes have been reported as a promising and high loading intracellular drug-delivery vehicle, the major contests in this technique are; (I) to satisfy the operative uptake and successful delivery (II) to improve the releasing efficiency by various stimuli, cell-triggered and externals [27].…”

“…The use of HNTs and chitosan oligosaccharides in powder formation for wound healing is another innocuous application of clay-based composites [70]. For this purpose, HNTs based powder was prepared by mixing it with chitosan oligosaccharide in an aqueous media resulting in spontaneous electrostatic interactions between positively charged chitosan complex and negatively charged clay-nanotubes.…”