Hemostatic Efficacy of Ankaferd Blood Stopper® in a Swine Bleeding Model

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to show the hemostatic effect of spray, solution and tampon forms of Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS), a unique medicinal plant extract historically used as a hemostatic agent in Turkish folklore medicine, in a porcine bleeding model. Materials and Methods: Two 1-year-old pigs were used as bleeding models for superficial and deep skin lacerations, grade II liver and spleen injuries, grade II saphenous vein injury and grade IV saphenous artery injury. Spray, solution or tampon forms of ABS were applied after continuing bleeding was confirmed. The primary outcome was time to hemostasis. Volume of blood loss was not measured. The pigs were euthanized at the end of the experiment. Results: Spray or direct application of ABS solution resulted in instant control of bleeding in superficial and deep skin lacerations as well as puncture wounds of the liver. A 40-second application of ABS tampon was sufficient to stop bleeding of skin lacerations, while 1.5- and 3.5-min applications were used to control hemorrhage from the saphenous vein and artery, respectively. No rebleeding was observed once hemostasis was achieved. However, repeated applications of ABS solution and tampon were only temporarily effective in the hemostasis of spleen injury. Conclusions: The data showed that ABS was an effective hemostatic agent for superficial and deep skin lacerations and minor/moderate trauma injuries in a porcine bleeding model.

Functional proteomic analysis of Ankaferd® Blood Stopper

“…Topical hemostatic efficacy of ABS has been previously tested in animals with normal [2,5] and defective hemostasis [3,6]. Short-term hematological and biochemical safety of the oral systemic administration of Ankaferd to rabbits has been shown [20].…”

“…Topical safety of ABS in normal healthy human volunteers was shown in a randomized double-blind cross-over Phase I clinical trial after preclinical animal studies [2][3][4][5][6]. ABS has been approved for local topical applications in external post-surgical and post-dental surgery bleedings in Turkey (www.Ankaferd.com).…”

The effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper on transcription factors in HUVEC and erythrocyte protein profile

“…The hemostatic effects of ABS have been observed in vitro and in vivo [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Use of ABS as a hemostatic agent in external hemorrhages and in dental treatment in humans provided the first data showing that ABS was safe and effective in humans [9].…”

Effectiveness of Ankaferd Blood Stopper on salivary gland bleeding

“…[5] ABS'nin temel etki mekanizması, canlı eritrosit agregasyonları için fokal odaklar gösteren kapsüllü bir protein ağı oluşturma-sıdır. [5,6] Çalışmamızda da sıçanların çıkartılan glandlarının histopatolojik incelemesinde fibrinoid materyal içinde eritrosit agregasyonu izlendi. Glandlar arasında herhangi bir fark gözlenmedi.…”

“…Bilgili ve ark. [6] yaptıkları çalışmada, domuz modelinde 40 saniyelik ABS tampon uygulaması-nın cilt laserasyonlarında kanamayı durdurmak için yeterli olduğunu bulmuşlardır. Kurt ve ark.…”