Hemostatic Abnormalities in Malignancy—A Prospective Study of 108 Patients. Part II. Autopsy Findings

Coagulation Disturbances in Cancer of the Breast and Colon Measured with Specific Monoclonal Antibody Enzyme Immunoassay for Fibrin-Fibrinogen Degradation Products

“…Activation of the coagulation system has been reported in patients with many differ ent types of malignant disease [1][2][3], The fre quency and extent of the subclinical coagula tion disturbances have varied widely in pre vious studies [2,4,5], The pathophysiology of such changes and their value in the assess ment of malignancy therefore remain un clear. Recent studies have demonstrated in creased concentrations of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) [7,8] in cancer patients and indicated a relationship between FPA values and pro gressive disease [7][8][9].…”

Enhancement of pulmonary tumour seeding by human coagulation factors II, IX, X – an investigation into the possible mechanisms involved

“…Evidence from both experimental and clinical studies show a clear relationship between the coagulation system and the spread and growth of malignant disease (Wood, 1958;O'Meara, 1968;Hilgard & Thornes, 1976;Sun et al, 1979;Rickles & Edwards, 1983). Animal experiments have suggested that the coagulation system may play a role in the blood-borne metastasis of tumour cells (Ryan et al, 1968;Brown, 1973;Wood, 1974;Poggi et al, 1978).…”

Coagulation Profile in Patients Presenting With Malignancies With Special References to Head and Neck Epithelial Cancers, Leukaemias and Lymphomas

“…8 Sun in the year 1979 showed the evidence of subclinical thrombotic and/or fibrinolytic activity in the form of abnormal tests in nearly 95% of cases. 7 Soong and Miller 18 found the mean fibrinogen level in cancer patients to be 191-524 mg/dL as compared to normal levels of 200-400 mg/dL, the highest levels in lung and breast. Carlson (1973) reported the findings of FDP in the sera of 41% patients with cancer, 85% in patients with remote metastases but 30% with regional lymph node metastases.…”

“…Activated coagulation in cancer leads to formation of increased fibrin deposition (hyperfibrinogenaemia) stimulated by tissue factor activity by the destroyed tissues; 6,9 positive fibrin degradation products i.e. indication of ongoing fibrinolytic process is found in serum due to the increased plasminogen activator expression; 7,8,10,11 shortened BT is probably due to increased platelet aggregation by the micro vesicles shed by tumour cells, 12,13 and also the thrombin generated by the tumour associated pro coagulant activity may also lead to increased platelet aggregation; 14 prolonged PT & APTT were due to reduced levels of many clotting factors say factor II, V, VII & X either singly or in combination.…”