Hemosiderosis in lemurs

Gonzales, John A.; Benirschke, Kurt; Saltman, Paul; Roberts, Jeff; Robinson, Phillip T.

doi:10.1002/zoo.1430030308

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…The observation of a rapid fall in the excretion of iron in the first 24 h were similar to other studies (Gonzales et al, 1984;Ward et al, 1991). Calculations of mucosal uptake and transfer of iron are based on the mucosal cell turnover rate of the species under examination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…both haemosiderosis and haemochromatosis (Lowenstine & Munson, 1999;Cork, 2000). It also is a common finding in some mammal species such as the New World monkeys (Gonzales et al, 1984;Spelman et al, 1989;Miller et al, 1997;Gottdenker et al, 1998). Various authors have shown that excessive dietary iron is the major cause of hepatic iron accumulation (Kincaid & Stoskopf, 1987;Dierenfeld et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparative study of iron retention in mynahs, doves and rats

et al. 2001

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Iron retention was studied in rats (Rattus norvegicus), doves (Streptopelia d. decaocto) and two species of mynahs (Acridotheres t. tristis and Gracula r. religiosa) fed two different pelleted diets (88.5 and 567.9 mg Fe/kg diet). The doves and rats served as species that are not susceptible to iron storage, whereas the mynahs are known to develop iron overload frequently. The retention was calculated after measuring the uptake and elimination of a single dose of radioactive iron ( 59 Fe) using whole-body counting. It was hypothesized that the mynahs would retain more iron than the rats and doves, and that after dietary iron challenge the mynahs would downregulate iron retention less effectively. It is concluded that mynahs have much higher iron uptake and retention than doves, but a similar uptake to that in rats. The four studied species are able to downregulate iron retention, the doves being the most efficient. It is suggested that at least part of the susceptibility to iron overload in mynahs is related to a high iron absorption from the intestines regardless of body iron stores, which is comparable with the situation of hereditary haemochromatosis in man.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of iron retention in mynahs, doves and rats

et al. 2001

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“…35 This raises the possibility of iron-induced oxidative injury producing genetic injury, as has been suggested by several groups. 3,13,27 Although iron-induced mutations cannot be excluded, our previous analysis did not show any relationship between hepatic iron levels and the incidence of HCC, 35 nor was there a relationship between hepatic injury and iron levels in lemurs in another study. 32 There was no clear pattern of mutation sites in the samples examined, although the number of HCC available for analysis was relatively small, making patterns of mutations difficult to discern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

H-ras Consensus Sequence and Mutations in Primary Hepatocellular Carcinomas of Lemurs and Lorises

et al. 2010

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The authors have determined a consensus sequence for exons 1 and 2 of H-ras from captive lemurs and lorises and evaluated samples of nonneoplastic liver and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) from affected animals for mutations in these exons. Frozen liver samples were collected from 20 animals representing 9 different species with a sex distribution of 10 males and 10 females. A total of 26 liver samples, including 11 normal livers, 9 HCC, and 6 samples from nonneoplastic regions of liver from animals with HCC, were evaluated. This is the first report of the consensus sequence for exons 1 and 2 of H-ras in prosimians, and the authors have determined that it is identical to that of human H-ras and differs only slightly from the chimpanzee sequence. Point mutations were identified in 6 of the 9 HCC samples examined with codons 7, 22, 32, 56, 61, 84, and 96 affected. Two carcinomas had double mutations, and one tumor had triple mutations. One HCC had a mutation in codon 61, which is identical to a recognized affected codon for an H-ras ''hot spot'' in rodent neoplasia that has also been reported in human tumors. Although not statistically different, metastasis occurred in 5 of 6 HCC with H-ras mutation and only 1 of 3 HCC without mutations. There were 4 silent mutations that did not contain changes in the encoded amino acids, 2 of which were found in nonneoplastic regions of tumor-bearing liver.

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“…36 Excessive accumulation of hemosiderin pigments in the liver, in addition to other organs, has been recognized in humans, few domestic animals, and several nondomestic animals, most notably frugivorous and nectarivorous birds, fruit bats, lemurs, black rhinoceros, and tapirs. 11,40,50,59,68,94 In humans, hepatic hemosiderosis and subsequent hepatic toxicity and failure, known as hemochromatosis, is either inherited as an autosomal recessive genetic disorder or secondary to hemolysis, alcoholism, transfusions, and other diseases. 34 Similarly, hepatic iron load in animals can be attributed to genetic and endogenous or exogenous factors, such as excessive dietary intake, alterations in iron metabolism, and hemolytic disorders.…”

Section: Husbandry-related Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Histologic Lesions of the Adult Naked Mole Rat (Heterocephalus glaber)

et al. 2013

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Naked mole rats (NMRs; Heterocephalus glaber) are highly adapted, subterranean, eusocial rodents from semiarid regions of the eastern horn of Africa and the longest-living rodent known with a maximum life span of up to 30 years. They are a unique model for aging research due to their physiology, extreme longevity, and, when compared to mice and rats, resistance to cancer. Published surveys of disease in NMRs are sparse. Captive colonies in zoological collections provide an opportunity to monitor spontaneous disease over time in a seminatural environment. This retrospective study describes common lesions of a zoo population over a 15-year period during which 138 adult NMRs were submitted for gross and histologic evaluation. Of these, 61 (44.2%) were male, 77 (55.8%) female, 45 (32.6%) died, and 93 (67.4%) were euthanized. The most frequent cause of death or reason for euthanasia was conspecific trauma (bite wounds) and secondary complications. Some common histologic lesions and their prevalence were renal tubular mineralization (82.6%), hepatic hemosiderosis (64.5%), bite wounds (63.8%), chronic progressive nephropathy (52.9%), and calcinosis cutis (10.1%). In sum, 104 (75.4%) NMRs had more than one of the most prevalent histologic lesions. No malignant neoplasms were noted; however, there was a case of renal tubular adenomatous hyperplasia with nuclear atypia and compression that in rats is considered a preneoplastic lesion. This retrospective study confirms the NMR's relative resistance to cancer in spite of development of other degenerative diseases and highlights the utility of zoological databases for baseline pathological data on nontraditional animal models.

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Hemosiderosis in lemurs

Cited by 53 publications

References 9 publications

A comparative study of iron retention in mynahs, doves and rats

A comparative study of iron retention in mynahs, doves and rats

H-ras Consensus Sequence and Mutations in Primary Hepatocellular Carcinomas of Lemurs and Lorises

Spontaneous Histologic Lesions of the Adult Naked Mole Rat (Heterocephalus glaber)

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