Hemosiderin in sputum macrophages may predict infective exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective observational study

Mohan, Sindu; Ho, Terence; Kjarsgaard, Melanie; Radford, Katherine; Borhan, Asm; Thabane, Lehana; Nair, Parameswaran

doi:10.1186/s12890-017-0408-4

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These resident cells are the main sentinels of the airway, and even small decreases in function can have profound effects on the microbiologic makeup of their environment, as the lung is constantly exposed to external threats. Infections are by far the most common cause of exacerbations in COPD, and even without overt infection, alveolar macrophage dysfunction, possibly involving iron is likely a factor in causing the changes in lung microbiome seen in COPD [94][95][96].…”

Section: Cigarette Smoke Iron and Immune Cell Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking-induced iron dysregulation in the lung

Zhang¹,

Butler

Cloonan

2019

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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Iron is one of the most abundant transition elements and is indispensable for almost all organisms. While the ability of iron to participate in redox chemistry is an essential requirement for participation in a range of vital enzymatic reactions, this same feature of iron also makes it dangerous in the generation of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions. Given the high local oxygen tensions in the lung, the regulation of iron acquisition, utilization, and storage therefore becomes vitally important, perhaps more so than in any other biological system. Iron plays a critical role in the biology of essentially every cell type in the lung, and in particular, changes in iron levels have important ramifications on immune function and the local lung microenvironment. There is substantial evidence that cigarette smoke causes iron dysregulation, with the implication that iron may be the link between smoking and smoking-related lung diseases. A better understanding of the connection between cigarette smoke, iron, and respiratory diseases will help to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms and aid in the identification of novel therapeutic targets.

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Section: Cigarette Smoke Iron and Immune Cell Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking-induced iron dysregulation in the lung

Zhang¹,

Butler

Cloonan

2019

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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“…Finally, iron metabolism is dysregulated in the lungs of patients with COPD. Iron regulatory protein 2 and hemosiderin overexpression cause cellular and mitochondrial deposition of iron in alveolar tissue and resident macrophages which is associated with neutrophilia and infective exacerbations [ 171 , 172 ]. Indeed, a recent report showcased the enhanced nutrient uptake and storage in AMs from patients with COPD.…”

Section: Ams In Copdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysregulated Functions of Lung Macrophage Populations in COPD

Kapellos

Baßler

Aschenbrenner

et al. 2018

Journal of Immunology Research

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a diverse respiratory disease characterised by bronchiolitis, small airway obstruction, and emphysema. Innate immune cells play a pivotal role in the disease's progression, and in particular, lung macrophages exploit their prevalence and strategic localisation to orchestrate immune responses. To date, alveolar and interstitial resident macrophages as well as blood monocytes have been described in the lungs of patients with COPD contributing to disease pathology by changes in their functional repertoire. In this review, we summarise recent evidence from human studies and work with animal models of COPD with regard to altered functions of each of these myeloid cell populations. We primarily focus on the dysregulated capacity of alveolar macrophages to secrete proinflammatory mediators and proteases, induce oxidative stress, engulf microbes and apoptotic cells, and express surface and intracellular markers in patients with COPD. In addition, we discuss the differences in the responses between alveolar macrophages and interstitial macrophages/monocytes in the disease and propose how the field should advance to better understand the implications of lung macrophage functions in COPD.

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“…Sputum of patients with infective exacerbations of COPD showed increased haemosiderin‐laden alveolar macrophages . Nevertheless, bronchial epithelial cells are from <1% to 6% of the components of sputum as far as we can determine from references . We could find neither abundant macrophages nor ciliated epithelia in specimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…More than half of the components are macrophages in non‐smokers and smokers but neutrophils are dominant in COPD patients . Sputum of patients with infective exacerbations of COPD showed increased haemosiderin‐laden alveolar macrophages . Nevertheless, bronchial epithelial cells are from <1% to 6% of the components of sputum as far as we can determine from references .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Histopathological evaluation of oral membranous substance in bedridden elderly persons without oral intake in Japan

et al. 2018

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Objectives The aim of this study was to clarify by histopathological examination the origin of oral membranous substances deposited on the palate, tongue, buccal mucosa and teeth. Background Several investigators have reported membranous substances deposited in the mouths of bedridden elderly persons requiring nursing care without oral intake. However, the precise nature and origin of the substances are poorly understood. Methods Sixty‐nine specimens were taken from the oral cavity of bedridden patients, that is, the palate, dorsum of the tongue, the cheek and teeth. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin stain, alcian‐blue and periodic acid‐Schiff stain (AB‐PAS) and antibodies for pankeratin (AE1AE3) and leukocyte common antigen (LCA). Results All specimens showed a film‐like nature coloured from tan to white, accompanied by a mucous substance. Histologically, specimens of all sites had a similar feature of the combination of basophilic amorphous and eosinophilic lamellar features. The basophilic substance was positive for AB‐PAS, and PAS‐positive glycogen granules were also noted in the lamellar structure. Immunochemistry revealed various degrees of pankeratin positive substance and LCA‐positive inflammatory cell infiltration. Conclusion The oral membranous substance was composed of keratin and mucin with inflammation. These results suggest that the deposition of the oral membranous substance is a pathological condition or oral mucositis caused by dry mouth.

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Hemosiderin in sputum macrophages may predict infective exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective observational study

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Smoking-induced iron dysregulation in the lung

Smoking-induced iron dysregulation in the lung

Dysregulated Functions of Lung Macrophage Populations in COPD

Histopathological evaluation of oral membranous substance in bedridden elderly persons without oral intake in Japan

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