Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Splenitis in a Slaughter Pig Infected with Arcanobacterium Species

Ohba, Takemi; Shibahara, Tomoyuki; Kobayashi, Hideki; Kubo, Michinori; Takashima, Ariko; Imai, Shigenori; Murakami, Satoshi; Kadota, Koichi

doi:10.1292/jvms.69.449

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Its 16S rDNA sequence possessed 97 % identity to Arcanobacterium hippocoleae isolated from a horse with vaginitis (Hoyles et al, 2002). To our knowledge, there are only six validated species within the genus Arcanobacterium (Ohba et al, 2007). Members of this genus have been isolated from both animal and human sources (Collins et al, 1982) and include the known pathogens Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, and the putative opportunistic pathogen Arcanobacterium bernardiae (Billington & Jost, 2006;Funke et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome of the cloacal openings of the urogenital and anal tracts of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii

et al. 2008

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The bacterial diversity of the openings of the urogenital and anal tracts of the adult female tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, was determined in order to ascertain whether the physical proximity of the openings of these tracts within the cloaca affected the two populations of bacteria. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses of 42 wallabies identified 81 different terminal fragments, indicative of diverse and complex microbiomes at these anatomical locations. Subsequent amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) identified 72 phylotypes from the urogenital tract and 50 from the anal tract. Twenty-two of these phylotypes were common to both tracts. Phylogenetic analysis of sequenced 16S rDNA showed that 83 % of the phylotypes were unidentified species based on the premise that any sequence possessing ,97 % homology to a known bacterial species or phylotype was novel. Thus, despite the close proximity of the openings of the urogenital and anal tracts within the cloaca, the two sites retained a diverse range of distinct bacteria, with only a small percentage of overlapping species. INTRODUCTIONMetatherian (marsupial) mammals offer a unique biological opportunity to investigate the relationship between the microflora of the urogenital and anal tracts. In contrast to eutherian (placental) mammals, which possess separate openings of the digestive and urogenital systems, most marsupials possess a common posterior chamber for these systems -the cloaca (Tyndale-Briscoe, 2005; Fig. 1). This structural feature might imply that bacteria from one tract have easy access to the other. To date, the bacteria associated with these two sites have not been studied in marsupials, although in humans it has been noted that the bacteria of the urogenital tract may vary and can be influenced by bacteria growing in the anal tract and thus occasionally can cause urogenital disease (Reid et al., 2001;Tannock, 1999).The tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, is regarded as a model marsupial (Tyndale-Briscoe, 2005) with more than 30 years of fundamental research into its basic biology. Despite this, little is known about the bacterial populations of this animal, all published studies having used culture-based methods that are known to be biased in favour of a small percentage of the total microbiome (Hume, 1999; Lentle et al., 2006;Old & Deane, 1998;Yadav et al., 1972).In this study we used molecular-based methods targeting the 16S rDNA gene to document the bacteria at the openings of the urogenital and anal tracts of 42 female tammar wallabies and undertook a comprehensive comparison of the major phylotypes and their diversity. This is believed to be the first extensive report of the bacterial species within the openings of these two tracts in any marsupial. The results showed that despite the close anatomical proximity of the openings of these tracts, each opening possessed a diverse and complex bacterial population comprising mainly unidentified species.Abbreviations: ARDRA, amplified rDNA restriction analysis; T-...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome of the cloacal openings of the urogenital and anal tracts of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii

et al. 2008

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“…On the other hand, it has been indicated that Arcanobacterium sp. TO16177 was associated with multiple organ failures accompanied by acute hemorrhagic necrotizing splenititis in the pig [14]. Furthermore, in the very recent past, it has been confirmed that the microorganism isolated from the urogenital tract of nine pigs with varied clinical symptoms was Arcanobacterium abortisuis, though it was unclear whether Arcanobacterium abortisuis was the exact causative agent for the symptoms [20].…”

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confidence: 93%

“…strain (TO16177) (Arcanobacterium sp. TO16177) [14] and Actinobaculum suis (former Actinomyces suis, Eubacterium suis) [9,12]. Among them Actinomyces hyovaginalis [6], Actinomyces naeslundii [16] and Actinomyces suis [21] have been reported as infective agents, which cause porcine abortion.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Arcanobacterium sp. TO16177 was directly injected into swine liver followed by the same histopathological process described above [14]. As the primary serum, rabbit hyperimmune serum against Arcanobacterium abortisuis was used and diluted stepwise in 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline with 0.05% Tween 20.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Apart from the immunohistochemical investigation, Arcanobacterium abortisuis (strain Murakami) showed 99.4% similarity to Arcanobacterium sp. TO16177 [14] in 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing analysis based on a comparison of 677 bp (unpublished data). Therefore, it can be highly possible that Arcanobacterium abortisuis is the same or closely-related to Arcanobacterium sp.…”

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Aborted Lesions of a Pig Associated with Arcanobacterium abortisuis and the Immunohistochemical Features

Murakami

Ogawa

Azuma

et al. 2011

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A microorganism isolated from an aborted sow's placenta has been proposed as a novel species, Arcanobacterium abortisuis. The lesions in the placenta were suppurative and necrotic placentitis, whereas lesions of three fetuses were suppurative bronchopneumonia. Gram and Grocott-positive organisms in these lesions were immunolabeled with anti-Arcanobacterium abortisuis antibody. This is the first case report, which showed the association of Arcanobacterium abortisuis with the aborted lesions of a pig.

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Trueperella

Lämmler¹,

Sammra²,

Glaeser³

et al. 2020

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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True.pe.rel'la. N.L. fem. n. Trueperella named after Hans Georg Trüper, the German microbiologist. Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Actinomycetales / Actinomycetaceae / Trueperella Cells are Gram‐reaction‐positive, nonmotile, non‐spore‐forming coccobacilli and short rods that occur singly, in pairs (V, T, and palisade formations), or in clusters. Cells vary in shape and size in different media. Cells from 24‐h‐old broth cultures are Gram‐reaction‐positive but may be Gram‐reaction‐variable in older cultures. Pinpoint, in most cases β‐hemolytic colonies occur on sheep blood agar after 24 h of incubation. After 48–72 h of incubation, colonies are 0.5–1.5 mm in diameter, convex, circular, and translucent with entire edges. Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic. Strictly fermentative. Lactic acid is the primary metabolic product in glucose–yeast extract broth, but acetate and succinate are minor products. The peptidoglycan is of the type A5a, variations l ‐Lys– l ‐Ala– l ‐Lys– d ‐Glu or l ‐Lys– l ‐Lys– d ‐Glu. The muramic acid residue of the peptidoglycan is N ‐acetylated. Characteristic whole‐cell sugars are rhamnose and glucose. Mycolic acids are not present. The long‐chain fatty acids are primarily straight‐chain saturated and monounsaturated in addition to traces of branched‐chain fatty acids of the iso‐/anteiso type. The phospholipid type is type PI, comprising diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and an unknown phosphoglycolipid (PGL) of unknown composition. The principal menaquinone is MK‐10(H4). DNA G + C content (mol%) : 56–66. Type species : Trueperella pyogenes Yassin et al. 2011 VP .

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Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Splenitis in a Slaughter Pig Infected with Arcanobacterium Species

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

The microbiome of the cloacal openings of the urogenital and anal tracts of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii

The microbiome of the cloacal openings of the urogenital and anal tracts of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii

Aborted Lesions of a Pig Associated with Arcanobacterium abortisuis and the Immunohistochemical Features

Trueperella

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