Hemorheological changes and their clinical relevance in preeclampsia

Abstract

This review summarizes the hemorheological changes during gestation and their clinical relevance in pre-eclampsia. The gestational disease named pre-eclampsia, characterized by proteinuria (more than 0.3 g/day) and hypertension (blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg), exists from the 20th gestational week until the sixth postpartum week. Its etiology is complex; the pathomechanism mainly involves disturbances in cross talks among the vegetative system, the placenta and the circulatory system. Soluble factors of placenta mediate circulatory changes, which result in adaptive responses in both vegetative and circulatory systems. Derailment of this adaption, however, leads to increased turbulence and local damages in cellular elements of the circulatory system. The initial local lesion progresses to a generalized form. Later, these events will continue to strengthen their own cycle. As a result, an unstable circulatory state will be established, which causes organ damages.

Retinal findings in cases of preeclampsia

“…It can be seen about 5-10% of all pregnancies, especially frequent in primipare. [1,2] Preeclampsia affects all organs and systems including eyes. [3] Visual symptoms are photopsia, hemianopsia, unexpected focusing deficiency, blurred vision, decrease in vision, and complete blindness in severe cases.…”

Chorioretinal Inflammatory Diseases in Pregnancy

“…Primiparlarda daha sık olmak üzere tüm gebeliklerin yaklaşık %5-10'unda görülebilir. [1,2] Preeklampsinin gözler dahil tüm organ ve sistemler üzerinde etkisi vardır. [3] Görsel semptomları; fotopsi, görme alanı defektleri, ani gelişen odaklama yetersizliği, bulanık görme, görmede azalma ve şiddetli vakalarda komplet körlüğü içerir.…”

Temporary Visual Loss and Persistant Concentric Visual Field Defect in A Preeclampsia Case

“…[1][2][3] Gebeliğin 20. haftasından sonra başlayan hipertansiyon (sistolik ≥140 mmHg, diyastolik ≥90 mmHg) ve proteinüri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. 4 Kardiyovasküler, hematolojik, hepatik, renal ve nörolojik veya serebral defisitlerle ortaya çıkabilen multisistemik bir hastalıktır.…”