Hemoplasma<i />Infection in HIV-positive Patient, Brazil

Santos, Andrea Pires dos; Santos, Rodrigo Pires dos; Biondo, Alexander Welker; Dora, José Miguel; Goldani, Luciano Zubaran; Oliveira, Simone Tostes de; Guimarães, Ana Maárcia de Sá; Timenetsky, Jorge; Morais, Helio Autrán de; González, Félix Hilario Díaz; Messick, Joanne B.

doi:10.3201/eid1412.080964

Cited by 133 publications
(69 citation statements)

References 12 publications
(10 reference statements)

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“…Hemoplasmas infect different hosts and are able attach to, and sometimes intracellularly invade, their erythrocytes (7,10,19). Hemoplasmas have not been cultured in vitro, and the detection of hemotropic mycoplasmas using Romanowsky-Giemsa-and/or acridine orange-stained blood smears in combination with the PCR amplification of target hemoplasma genes is common laboratory practice for diagnosing these infections in animals and humans (7,10,13,14,(32)(33)(34). However, the examination of stained blood films for hemoplasmas (not performed in our study) has low sensitivity and specificity, and the absence of hemoplasma-like bodies on blood film often does not correlate with the PCR results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%

“…Human infections with hemotropic mycoplasmas and potential zoonotic transmission of these organisms have also been reported (14)(15)(16). Animal infection with hemotropic mycoplasmas is usually self-limiting and well controlled by immunocompetent animals; however, the establishment of clinically inapparent chronic bacteremia is possible in stressed, immunosuppressed, immunocompromised, and immunocompetent individuals (7,14,17). The main hematological observation in hemoplasma-infected animals is mild or severe anemia and positive Coombs tests, but infections can occur with or without alterations in hematological parameters (13,18).…”

mentioning
confidence: 99%

“…Hemoplasmas are causative agents of acute or chronic infectious anemias in several mammalian species (7,12,13). Human infections with hemotropic mycoplasmas and potential zoonotic transmission of these organisms have also been reported (14)(15)(16). Animal infection with hemotropic mycoplasmas is usually self-limiting and well controlled by immunocompetent animals; however, the establishment of clinically inapparent chronic bacteremia is possible in stressed, immunosuppressed, immunocompromised, and immunocompetent individuals (7,14,17).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, Genotype Richness, and Coinfection Patterns of Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) on Environmentally Protected and Urbanized Barrier Islands
Volokhov
¹
,
Hwang
²
,
Chizhikov
³

et al. 2017
Appl Environ Microbiol
27
2
36
0
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Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are successful urban adapters and hosts to a number of zoonotic and nonzoonotic pathogens, yet little is known about their hemoplasma infections and how prevalence varies across habitat types. This study identifies hemotropic Mycoplasma species infection in raccoons from urban and undisturbed habitats and compares hemoplasma infection in sympatric urban cats (Felis catus) from the same geographic region. We collected blood from raccoons (n ϭ 95) on an urban coastal island (n ϭ 37) and an undisturbed coastal island (n ϭ 58) and from sympatric urban cats (n ϭ 39) in Georgia, USA. Based on 16S rRNA gene amplification, 62.1% (59/95) of raccoons and 17.9% (7/39) of feral cats were positive for hemoplasma. There was a greater percentage of hemoplasma-infected raccoons on the undisturbed island (79.3% [46/58]) than on the urban island (35.1% [13/37]; 2 ϭ 16.9, df ϭ 1, P ϭ 0.00004). Sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed six hemoplasma genotypes in raccoons, including five novel genotypes that were distinct from three known hemoplasma species identified in the sympatric cats. In addition, the hemoplasma genotypes detected in raccoons were not identified in sympatric cats or vice versa. Although all six hemoplasma genotypes were found in raccoons from urban and undisturbed islands, coinfection patterns differed between sites and among individuals, with the proportion of coinfected raccoons being greater in the undisturbed site. This study shows that raccoons are hosts for several novel hemoplasmas and that habitat type influences infection patterns.IMPORTANCE This study provides information about novel hemoplasmas identified in raccoons (Procyon lotor), which can be used for assessments of the prevalence of these hemoplasmas in raccoon populations and for future studies on the potential pathogenic impacts of these hemoplasmas on raccoon health. Raccoons from the undisturbed habitat had a higher prevalence of hemoplasma infection than urban raccoons. There does not appear to be cross-species transmission of hemotropic mycoplasmas between urban raccoons and feral cats. Raccoons appear to be hosts for several novel hemoplasmas, and habitat type influences infection patterns.KEYWORDS raccoons, Procyon lotor, feral cats, Felis catus, hemoplasmas, wildlife, 16S rRNA gene, phylogenetic analysis, hemoplasma U rbanization is a strong ecological driver that causes significant changes in the composition of wildlife communities and in various intra-and interspecies interactions (1). Ecological responses to urbanization can lead to changes in the dynamics
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Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%

mentioning
confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation
Prevalence, Genotype Richness, and Coinfection Patterns of Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) on Environmentally Protected and Urbanized Barrier Islands
Volokhov
¹
,
Hwang
²
,
Chizhikov
³

et al. 2017
Appl Environ Microbiol
27
2
36
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite
Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are successful urban adapters and hosts to a number of zoonotic and nonzoonotic pathogens, yet little is known about their hemoplasma infections and how prevalence varies across habitat types. This study identifies hemotropic Mycoplasma species infection in raccoons from urban and undisturbed habitats and compares hemoplasma infection in sympatric urban cats (Felis catus) from the same geographic region. We collected blood from raccoons (n ϭ 95) on an urban coastal island (n ϭ 37) and an undisturbed coastal island (n ϭ 58) and from sympatric urban cats (n ϭ 39) in Georgia, USA. Based on 16S rRNA gene amplification, 62.1% (59/95) of raccoons and 17.9% (7/39) of feral cats were positive for hemoplasma. There was a greater percentage of hemoplasma-infected raccoons on the undisturbed island (79.3% [46/58]) than on the urban island (35.1% [13/37]; 2 ϭ 16.9, df ϭ 1, P ϭ 0.00004). Sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed six hemoplasma genotypes in raccoons, including five novel genotypes that were distinct from three known hemoplasma species identified in the sympatric cats. In addition, the hemoplasma genotypes detected in raccoons were not identified in sympatric cats or vice versa. Although all six hemoplasma genotypes were found in raccoons from urban and undisturbed islands, coinfection patterns differed between sites and among individuals, with the proportion of coinfected raccoons being greater in the undisturbed site. This study shows that raccoons are hosts for several novel hemoplasmas and that habitat type influences infection patterns.IMPORTANCE This study provides information about novel hemoplasmas identified in raccoons (Procyon lotor), which can be used for assessments of the prevalence of these hemoplasmas in raccoon populations and for future studies on the potential pathogenic impacts of these hemoplasmas on raccoon health. Raccoons from the undisturbed habitat had a higher prevalence of hemoplasma infection than urban raccoons. There does not appear to be cross-species transmission of hemotropic mycoplasmas between urban raccoons and feral cats. Raccoons appear to be hosts for several novel hemoplasmas, and habitat type influences infection patterns.KEYWORDS raccoons, Procyon lotor, feral cats, Felis catus, hemoplasmas, wildlife, 16S rRNA gene, phylogenetic analysis, hemoplasma U rbanization is a strong ecological driver that causes significant changes in the composition of wildlife communities and in various intra-and interspecies interactions (1). Ecological responses to urbanization can lead to changes in the dynamics
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“…Bartonella species and hemoplasmas are occasionally incriminated as pathogens in human beings. For instance, Mycoplasma haemofelis and Bartonella henselae were detected in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient in Brazil (DOS SANTOS et al, 2008). Bartonella henselae is commonly known to cause a disease transmitted to humans via cat saliva or scratches, and thus named cat-scratch disease, which is characterized by regional lymphadenopathy and fever.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of feline arthropod-borne pathogens in cats in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, central-western region of Brazil
Miceli
¹
,
Gavioli
²
,
Gonçalves
³

et al. 2013
Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.
43
9
46
3
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Hemotrophic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas), Bartonella sp., Hepatozoon sp. and Cytauxzoon felis are prominent pathogens that circulate between cats and invertebrate hosts. The present study aimed to detect the presence of DNA from hemoplasmas, Bartonella sp., Hepatozoon sp. and Cytauxzoon felis, and then confirm it by means of sequencing, in blood samples from cats in Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. From February 2009 to February 2011, blood samples with added EDTA were collected from 163 cats that were being housed in four different animal shelters in the city of Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil and from 15 cats that were admitted to the veterinary hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT). Out of the 178 cats sampled, 15 (8.4%) were positive for hemoplasmas: four (2.2%) for Mycoplasma haemofelis, 12 (6.7%) for 'Candidatus M. haemominutum' and one (0.5%) for 'Candidatus M. turicensis'. One cat (0.5%), a patient that was attended at the veterinary hospital, was coinfected with M. haemofelis, 'Candidatus M. haemominutum' and 'Candidatus M. turicensis', based on sequencing confirmation. Four cats were positive for Bartonella spp.: three (1.7%) for B. henselae and one (0.5%) for B. clarridgeiae. None of the animals showed Cytauxzoon sp. or Hepatozoon sp. DNA in their blood samples. This study showed that cats housed in animal shelters in the city of Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, are exposed to hemoplasmas and Bartonella species.

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“…Hemotropic mycoplasmas, also known as hemoplasmas, are cell wall-less organisms that attach to erythrocytes of a variety of domestic and wild animal species including human beings (MESSICK, 2004;SANTOS et al, 2008). In cattle, two distinct hemotropic Mycoplasma have been identified to date: Mycoplasma wenyonii (formerly Eperythrozoon wenyonii) (ADLER; ELLENBOGEN, 1934;SUTTON, et al, 1977) and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' ('C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and occurrence of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' in dairy cattle of Southern Brazil
Girotto
¹
,
Zangirólamo
²
,
Bogado
³

et al. 2012
Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.
40
2
22
0
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Bovine hemoplasmas are bacteria found on the erythrocyte surface or free in the plasma of cattle. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' ('C. M. haemobos') in Holstein and Jersey cattle raised in Londrina and surroundings, northern region of the State of Parana, Southern Brazil. PCR testing directed to 16S rRNA gene fragment was performed to investigate the occurrence and characterize the molecular identity of 'C. M. haemobos'. A total of 264/433 (60.97%) blood samples were positive by PCR. Further alignment of 500-bp amplicons to available sequences at the GenBank database showed high identity (100%) to 'C. M. haemobos'. To the author's knowledge, this is the first molecular confirmation of the hemoplasma 'C. M. haemobos' in cattle from Brazil. Moreover, 'C. M. haemobos' was observed in high occurrence in dairy cattle, and may have significant impact in livestock production.

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HemoplasmaInfection in HIV-positive Patient, Brazil

Cited by 133 publications

References 12 publications

Prevalence, Genotype Richness, and Coinfection Patterns of Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) on Environmentally Protected and Urbanized Barrier Islands

Prevalence, Genotype Richness, and Coinfection Patterns of Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) on Environmentally Protected and Urbanized Barrier Islands

Molecular detection of feline arthropod-borne pathogens in cats in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, central-western region of Brazil

Molecular detection and occurrence of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' in dairy cattle of Southern Brazil

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