Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection

Vinoth, PN; Thomas, Ketas; Selvan, S Muthamil; Suman, D Febe Renjitha; Scott, Julius Xavier

doi:10.4103/0377-4929.85105

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although severe malaria per se can cause cytopaenia, HLH was considered more likely in this patient because the cytopaenia developed during the resolution phase of malaria and was associated with hypofibrinogenaemia, hyperferritinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and a high index of haemophagocytosis in the bone marrow. HLH has been previously reported with both Mycoplasma and malaria [7, 8]. Although other cytokine markers were not tested due to unavailability, this patient fulfilled the standard diagnostic criteria for HLH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Plasmodium falciparum and Mycoplasma pneumoniae co-infection presenting with cerebral malaria manifesting orofacial dyskinesia and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Weeratunga

Rathnayake

Sivashangar

et al. 2016

Malar J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundMalaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease with diverse clinical manifestations caused by a parasitic protozoan of the genus Plasmodium. Complex inter-relationships between Mycoplasma species and Plasmodium parasites have been previously noted in vitro. This is the first report of Plasmodium falciparum and Mycoplasma pneumoniae co-infection in a human host presenting with cerebral malaria manifesting orofacial dyskinesias and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.Case presentationA 55-year-old Sri Lankan man with a recent visit to South Africa presented with an acute febrile illness, cough and worsening dyspnoea with alveolar-interstitial infiltrates on chest radiography. Serological evaluation confirmed a diagnosis of Mycoplasma infection. He subsequently developed encephalopathy with orofacial dyskinesia. A diagnosis of severe P. falciparum infection with significant parasitaemia was established. Peripheral blood cytopaenia occurred due to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in the bone marrow. Complete clinical and haematological recovery was achieved with intravenous artesunate.ConclusionsPlasmodium falciparum and Mycoplasma pneumoniae co-infection occurring in vivo manifests clinical features that are plausibly a result of the interaction between the two microorganisms. This is the first report of orofacial dyskinesia in either infection.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1517-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Plasmodium falciparum and Mycoplasma pneumoniae co-infection presenting with cerebral malaria manifesting orofacial dyskinesia and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Weeratunga

Rathnayake

Sivashangar

et al. 2016

Malar J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[ 6 ] Several studies showed that malaria-HLH patients treated by anti-malaria drugs only without the use of any immunosuppressive drug and other steroids. [ 7 8 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancytopenia with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Plasmodium falciparum

Chaudhry

Arya

Matlani

et al. 2021

Tropical Parasitology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hematological manifestations such as anemia and thrombocytopenia are known complications in malaria. Here, we report two cases presented as pancytopenia with hepatosplenomegaly and initial diagnosis kept as hematological malignancy like leukemia but later on its diagnosed as malaria-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis which is a rare entity. The aim of this report is to draw the attention of physicians, especially in tropical countries such as India and Sub-Saharan nations to keep in mind this uncommon presentation of malaria, though the exact pathophysiological mechanism still remains obscure.

show abstract

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis—how common and how severe is it as a complication of malaria? Retrospective case series and review of the literature

Orth,

Wiemer,

Schneitler

et al. 2023

Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Infection-associated secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is a potentially life-threatening hyperinflammatory condition caused by various infectious diseases. Malaria has rarely been described as trigger. The aim of this study is to collect data on frequency, clinical spectrum, and outcome of sHLH induced by malaria. Methods We collected case numbers on malaria and malaria-associated sHLH from specialized centers in Germany from 2015 to 2022. In addition, we conducted a literature search on published cases of malaria-associated sHLH and systematically analyzed the literature regarding clinical and diagnostic criteria. Results We obtained data from 13 centers treating 1461 malaria cases with different Plasmodium species, of which 5 patients (0.34%) also were diagnosed with sHLH. The literature search revealed detailed case reports from further 51 patients and case series comprising the description of further 24 patients with malaria-associated sHLH. Most cases (48/80; 60%) were reported from Asia. The median time interval between onset of malaria symptoms and hospital admission was 7 days. Severe complications of sHLH were documented in 36% (20/56) of patients, including two patients with multiple organ failure in our case series. Only 41% (23/56) of patients received specific treatment for sHLH, nevertheless the mortality rate (CFR) of 5% is lower compared to the CFR reported for sHLH triggered by other infectious diseases (e.g., 25% in sHLH due to EBV infection). Conclusion Malaria-associated sHLH appears to have a comparatively good prognosis but may still represent an underdiagnosed and potentially fatal complication of malaria, especially in resource-poor settings.

show abstract

Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Plasmodium falciparum and Mycoplasma pneumoniae co-infection presenting with cerebral malaria manifesting orofacial dyskinesia and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Plasmodium falciparum and Mycoplasma pneumoniae co-infection presenting with cerebral malaria manifesting orofacial dyskinesia and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Pancytopenia with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Plasmodium falciparum

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis—how common and how severe is it as a complication of malaria? Retrospective case series and review of the literature

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About