Hemophagocytic, Non-Secretory Multiple Myeloma

Savage, David G.; Zipin, Deborah; Bhagat, Govind; Alobeid, Bachir

doi:10.1080/10428190310001623856

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Hemophagocytosis of malignant cells occurs in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis, metastatic carcinoma, hairy cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, and AML with t(8;16) [13][14][15][16][17][18]. In this study, we frequently observed leukemic cells showing the hemophagocytosis of erythrocytes, granulocytes, and platelets and vacuolation in AML with t(16;21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

CD56 antigen expression and hemophagocytosis of leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia with t(16;21)(p11;q22)

et al. 2010

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The translocation t(16;21)(p11;q22) is rare, occurs with an incidence of 1%, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), forming TLS/FUS-ERG fusion transcript, and it is known to cause the hemophagocytosis and vacuolation of leukemic cells. As previously reported cases numbered less than 60, we aimed to identify the clinical and genetic aspects of AML with t(16;21). Among 1,277 patients diagnosed with de novo and secondary AML, 12 AML patients with t(16;21) were retrospectively evaluated (0.94%, 12/1,277). AML with t(16;21) expressed CD56 with a median value of 45% (7.8-87%), and the rate of hemophagocytosis plus vacuolation of leukemic cells was 2.9% (2.0-9.0%). CD56 antigen expression showed a correlation with the total rate of hemophagocytosis plus vacuolation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.663 (P = 0.019). AML with t(16;21) expressed CD13, CD33, CD34, CD117, CD56, HLA-DR, and cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase. RUNX1, which regulates a gene for hematopoiesis, is frequently mutated in AML and, in this study, one out of three patients showed the mutation R174Q in RUNX1. All of these 3 patients showed the fusion transcript TLS/FUS-ERG, which was detected by multiplex or nested PCR. AML with t(16;21) showed a very low rate of complete remission after induction chemotherapy (8.3%), and high relapse (75%) and mortality (75%) rates. AML with t(16;21) exhibited a distinct morphology with frequent CD56 expression and a poor prognosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

CD56 antigen expression and hemophagocytosis of leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia with t(16;21)(p11;q22)

et al. 2010

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“…The mechanism of hemophagocytosis in multiple myeloma is unclear, as plasma cells have no phagocytic function under normal circumstances. Results of the direct antiglobulin test in humans are almost always negative, suggesting hemophagocytosis by neoplastic cells is not an autoimmune function 14 . It has been speculated that phagocytic plasma cells may arise by expansion of a rare B‐cell clone with innate phagocytic potential 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results of the direct antiglobulin test in humans are almost always negative, suggesting hemophagocytosis by neoplastic cells is not an autoimmune function 14 . It has been speculated that phagocytic plasma cells may arise by expansion of a rare B‐cell clone with innate phagocytic potential 14 . A single case of phagocytic plasma cells aberrantly expressing CD15 (normally found on neutrophils and monocytes and involved in phagocytosis) has been reported in people 15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are 2 reports of erythrophagocytic plasma cells in dogs with plasma cell neoplasms 9,10 and several reports of phagocytic plasma cells in people with multiple myeloma. 11 Although erythrophagocytic plasma cells in humans with myeloma are rare, neoplastic plasma cells have been observed with phagocytosed platelets and granulocytes. 12 A single case of plasmacytoma mimicking erythrophagocytosis has been reported in humans in which intracellular eosinophilic globular accumulations of immunoglobulin were mistaken for erythrocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Erythrophagocytic multiple myeloma in a cat

Webb

Chary

Northrup

et al. 2008

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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A 7-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of Georgia for further evaluation of a suspected osteolytic lesion of the left 10th rib. Results of a CBC and biochemistry profile revealed mild nonregenerative anemia, hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, and hypercalcemia. Serum protein electrophoresis was consistent with a monoclonal gammopathy. Marked proteinuria with an increased urine protein to creatinine ratio was found. Cytologic examination of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow revealed numerous plasma cells, many of which were erythrophagocytic. Within the bone marrow, the plasma cells contained phagocytosed metarubricytes in addition to phagocytosed erythrocytes. A diagnosis of erythrophagocytic multiple myeloma was made and treatment with prednisone and melphalan was begun. Four weeks after presentation, the cat was euthanized due to clinical deterioration. A complete necropsy was performed. The distal one-third of the left 10th rib was completely absent. Histologically, there was no evidence for osteolysis or neoplastic cells in the remaining portion of the rib. However, large sheets of plasma cells were found infiltrating the spleen and bone marrow. Moderate erythrophagocytosis by the plasma cells was observed in both organs. The plasma cells, including the erythrophagocytic cells, were positive for CD79alpha by immunohistochemical staining. Erythrophagocytosis by plasma cells as a cause of anemia is uncommon in people with multiple myeloma and is rare in animals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of erythrophagocytic plasma cells in a cat with multiple myeloma.

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“…In cats, erythrophagocytosis by neoplastic plasma cells [32], mast cells [133]), lymphocytes [134][135] and histocytes [136] has been observed. In the same way, there are several reports of phagocytic plasma cells in people with MM [137]. Although erythrophagocytic plasma cells in humans with MM are rare, neoplastic plasma cells have been observed with phagocytosed platelets and granulocytes [138].…”

Section: Hematologymentioning

confidence: 81%

Multiple Myeloma in Horses, Dogs and Cats: A Comparative Review Focused on Clinical Signs and Pathogenesis

Muñoz¹,

Riber²,

Satué³

et al. 2013

Multiple Myeloma - A Quick Reflection on the Fast Progress

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Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/54311 . IntroductionMultiplκ myκloma MM or plasma cκll myκloma is a nκoplastic proliλκration oλ plasma cκlls that primarily involvκs thκ bonκ marrow but may originatκ λrom κxtramκdullary sitκs [ -]. Although it is uncommon in vκtκrinary mκdicinκ, it has bκκn rκportκd in sκvκral spκciκs, including cats, dogs and, horsκs [ , , -]. Thκ λrκquκncy oλ MM in cats is slightly < % oλ all malignant nκoplasms. Caninκ MMs account λor only . % oλ all malignanciκs in dogs. MMs account approximatκly % oλ all hκmatopoiκtic nκoplasms in both dogs and cats [ ]. Most oλ thκ rκports in thκ litκraturκ arκ limitκd to to casκ studiκs [ , -]. Howκvκr, in a rκcκnt rκport rκgarding thκ incidκncκ oλ bonκ disordκrs diagnosκd in dogs, MM was thκ sκcond most λrκquκntly diagnosκd nκoplastic condition in caninκ bonκ marrow [ ].Similarly, MM is an κxtrκmκly rarκ disordκr in horsκs. Tκn casκs, ninκ λrom thκ litκraturκ and a nκw casκ, wκrκ dκscribκd by Edwards κt al. [ ] and only six additional casκs havκ bκκn dκscribκd lastly [ , -, ]. Bκcausκ oλ thκ uncommonly diagnosis oλ κquinκ MM, thκ prκvalκncκ oλ this nκoplasm is unknown in thκ horsκ. . Data of the patients with multiple myelomaMM is gκnκrally a disκasκ oλ oldκr animals, although somκ rκports κxist in young animals. In dogs, thκ avκragκ agκ oλ diagnosis is bκtwκκn and yκar-old [ -, , -].Thκrκ is a rκport oλ MM in a youngκr dog, -yκar-old [ ]. Thκrκ is no apparκnt gκndκr prκdisposition

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Hemophagocytic, Non-Secretory Multiple Myeloma

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

CD56 antigen expression and hemophagocytosis of leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia with t(16;21)(p11;q22)

CD56 antigen expression and hemophagocytosis of leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia with t(16;21)(p11;q22)

Erythrophagocytic multiple myeloma in a cat

Multiple Myeloma in Horses, Dogs and Cats: A Comparative Review Focused on Clinical Signs and Pathogenesis

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