Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with HBV‐HCV coinfection in adult: Case report

Bendari, Mounia; Delsa, Hanane; Bouanani, Nouama; Jabouri, Rajaa; Darouich, Safaa; Nejjari, S.; Guessous, Fadila; Doghmi, Kamal

doi:10.1002/ccr3.4328

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…Human herpes virus (HHV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are among the most common viruses associated with HLH. However, cases of influenza (H1N1 and H5N1), parvovirus B19, and hepatitis A and C-associated HLH have been reported [ 18 , 19 ]. Various mechanisms have been described as possible drivers for HLH in viral infections [ 20 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemophagocytic Syndrome and COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review

Fadlallah¹,

Salman²,

Fadlallah³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a hyperinflammatory hyperferritinemic syndrome, is triggered by various etiologies and diseases and can lead to multiorgan dysfunction and death. There are two types of HLH: primary and secondary. Primary HLH (pHLH) is caused by a genetic mutation resulting in dysfunction in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), natural killer (NK) cells, hyperactivated immune cells, and hypercytokinemia. In secondary HLH (sHLH), an underlying etiology is the cause of the disease. Infections, malignancy, and autoimmune diseases are well-known triggers for sHLH. Infectious triggers for sHLH are most frequently viruses, where different mechanisms, including dysregulated CTLs and NK cell activity and persistent immune system stimulation, have been reported. Similarly, in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, a hyperinflammatory mechanism leading to hypercytokinemia and hyperferritinemia has been demonstrated. A similar dysfunction in CTLs and NK cells, persistent immune system stimulation with increased cytokines production, and severe end-organ damage have been reported. Therefore, a significant overlap is present between the clinical and laboratory features seen in COVID-19 and sHLH. However, SARS-CoV-2, similar to other viruses, can trigger sHLH. Hence, a diagnostic approach is needed in severe COVID-19 patients presenting with multiorgan failure, in whom sHLH should be considered.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%