Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions Causing Acute Renal Failure

Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions

“…26 The proinfl ammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1 produced by phagocytes during HTR also may contribute to hypotension and shock. 31 Fatality from HTR is usually associated with intravascular hemolysis, but severe extravascular reactions may also cause death. The degree of renal function abnormality varies from an asymptomatic elevation of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine to complete anuria.…”

Transfusion to blood group A and O patients of group B RBCs that have been enzymatically converted to group O

“…In humans, antibodies to the A or B carbohydrate epitopes on RBCs are capable of rapid destruction of cells bearing the relevant antigen. This hemolysis is fatal in 10 percent of cases overall, 1 and higher mortality rates are associated with larger‐volume transfusions 2 . The transfusion of ABO‐incompatible blood is the most frequent cause of transfusion‐associated deaths reported to the FDA 3,4 …”

Analytic Reviews : Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions: A Review of Mechanisms, Sequelae, and Management

“…Several reports published 20 or more years ago gave incidence rates ranging from 1 in 541 to 1 in 4,500 transfusions [75][76][77][78]. In some of these investigations, however, pretransfusion testing was rather crude, consisting only of ensuring ABO compatibility.…”

“…Most authors have reported mortality rates of 30 to 40% [46,75,77,78] and occasionally over 50% [80]. Presented in a different light, one death has been observed following every 8,000 to 13,000 transfusions [76,77,81].…”