Hemolytic toxin from the soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum: isolation and physiological characterization

Karthikayalu, S; Rama,; Kirubagaran, R.; Venkatesan, R.

doi:10.1590/s1678-91992010005000006

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Similarly The toxin from soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum shows significant inhibitory effect on blood agar plate (Karthikayalu et al, 2010) and fish epidermal mucous shows significant haemolytic effect (Bragadeeswaran et al, 2011). The results clearly indicate the toxins present in the fish are having bioactive compounds that may be used for therapeutic needs.…”

Section: International Letters Of Natural Sciences Vol 30mentioning

confidence: 92%

Studies on Haemolytic Properties of Puffer Fishes from South East Coast of India

Raj

Bragadeeswaran

Suguna

2014

ILNS

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Marine fishes play an important role for health care. The objectives of the present study was to evaluate the haemolytic activity of crude extracts of six puffer fishes Cyclichthys orbicularis, Diodon holocanthus, Canthigaster solandri, Arthron hispidus, A. inermis and Lagocephalua inermis collected from Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, South East Coast of India. The haemolytic activity was tested against red blood cells (RBCs) of chicken, goat and human blood. The haemolytic activity was high in chicken blood (128HU) against of Cyclichthys orbicularis and A. inermis and minimum (16HU) in Lagocephalua inermis. In goat erythrocytes the highest haemolytic activity (256HU) against Arthron hispidus and minimum (16HU) against A. inermis and Lagocephalua inermis were observed. In human erythrocytes the maximum haemolytic activity of 32HU against Cyclichthys orbicularis, Arthron hispidus were recorded. In blood agar plate assay the highest zone of inhibition of 6.4±0.9 and 6.3±0.1 mm were observed in A. inermis against chicken erythrocytes and Arthron hispidus against goat erythrocytes respectively. The results strongly suggest that, the Marine puffer fish extracts showed good cytolytic properties against blood RBCs.

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Section: International Letters Of Natural Sciences Vol 30mentioning

confidence: 92%

Studies on Haemolytic Properties of Puffer Fishes from South East Coast of India

Raj

Bragadeeswaran

Suguna

2014

ILNS

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“…To determine if the purified ntATX-D1 and ntATX-D2 were devoid of toxicity, the hemolytic activity of these proteins was evaluated [ 18 ] using 5% defibrinated sheep blood agar plates. Briefly, about 5 mm diameter wells were punched into the agar followed by sealing the bottom with a thin layer of 1% agar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization of turkeys with Clostridium septicum alpha toxin-based recombinant subunit proteins can confer protection against experimental Clostridial dermatitis

John,

Criollo,

Gaghan

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Clostridial dermatitis (CD), caused by Clostridium septicum, is an emerging disease of increasing economic importance in turkeys. Currently, there are no effective vaccines for CD control. Here, two non-toxic domains of C. septicum alpha toxin, namely ntATX-D1 and ntATX-D2, were identified, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli as recombinant subunit proteins to investigate their use as potential vaccine candidates. Experimental groups consisted of a Negative control (NCx) that did not receive C. septicum challenge, while the adjuvant-only Positive control (PCx), ntATX-D1 immunization (D1) and ntATX-D2 immunization (D2) groups received C. septicum challenge. Turkeys were immunized subcutaneously with 100 μg of protein at 7, 8 and 9 weeks of age along with an oil-in-water nano-emulsion adjuvant, followed by C. septicum challenge at 11 weeks of age. Results showed that while 46.2% of birds in the PCx group died post-challenge, the rate of mortality in D1- or D2-immunization groups was 13.3%. The gross and histopathological lesions in the skin, muscle and spleen showed that the disease severity was highest in PCx group, while the D2-immunized birds had significantly lower lesion scores when compared to PCx. Gene expression analysis revealed that PCx birds had significantly higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in the skin, muscle and spleen than the NCx group, while the D2 group had significantly lower expression of these genes compared to PCx. Peripheral blood cellular analysis showed increased frequencies of activated CD4+ and/or CD8+ cells in the D1 and D2-immunized groups. Additionally, the immunized turkeys developed antigen-specific serum IgY antibodies. Collectively, these findings indicate that ntATX proteins, specifically the ntATX-D2 can be a promising vaccine candidate for protecting turkeys against CD and that the protection mechanisms may include downregulation of C. septicum-induced inflammation and increased CD4+ and CD8+ cellular activation.

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“…Then, wells were cut into the agar plate using a corkscrew borer (8 mm diameter) and loaded with 50 μL (1 mg/mL) of samples. The plates were observed for hemolysis after overnight incubation at room temperature [ 33 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Pharmacokinetic Functionalities and Safety Margins of an Optimized Simvastatin Nanoformulation

et al. 2023

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A pharmaceutical formulation with favorable pharmacokinetic parameters is more likely to be efficacious and safe to overcome the failures of the drug resulting from lack of efficacy, poor bioavailability, and toxicity. In this view, we aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic functionalities and safety margin of an optimized CS-SS nanoformulation (F40) by in vitro/in vivo methods. The everted sac technique was used to evaluate the improved absorption of a simvastatin formulation. In vitro protein binding in bovine serum and mice plasma was performed. The formulation’s liver and intestinal CYP3A4 activity and metabolic pathways were investigated by the qRT-PCR technique. The excretion of cholesterol and bile acids was measured to demonstrate the formulation’s cholesterol depletion effect. Safety margins were determined by histopathology as well as fiber typing studies. In vitro protein binding results revealed the existence of a high percentage of free drugs (22.31 ± 3.1%, 18.20 ± 1.9%, and 16.9 ± 2.2%, respectively) compared to the standard formulation. The controlled metabolism in the liver was demonstrated from CYP3A4 activity. The formulation showed enhanced PK parameters in rabbits such as a lower Cmax, clearance, and a higher Tmax, AUC, Vd, and t1/2. qRT-PCR screening further proved the different metabolic pathways followed by simvastatin (SREBP-2) and chitosan (PPAR-γ pathway) in the formulation. The results from qRT-PCR and histopathology confirmed the toxicity level. Hence, this pharmacokinetic profile of the nanoformulation proved it has a unique synergistic hypolipidemic modality.

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Hemolytic toxin from the soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum: isolation and physiological characterization

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Studies on Haemolytic Properties of Puffer Fishes from South East Coast of India

Studies on Haemolytic Properties of Puffer Fishes from South East Coast of India

Immunization of turkeys with Clostridium septicum alpha toxin-based recombinant subunit proteins can confer protection against experimental Clostridial dermatitis

A Study on Pharmacokinetic Functionalities and Safety Margins of an Optimized Simvastatin Nanoformulation

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