Hemolytic Effects of Water-Soluble Fullerene Derivatives

Abstract

A series of water-soluble fullerene C(60) derivatives has been investigated for their cytotoxic and hemolytic properties, with the aim to correlate structure with toxicity. We observed that cationic chains induce significant toxicity while the presence of neutral or anionic moieties did not produce any response in our model. A validation of these experimental observations has been performed by theoretical studies in which hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface areas were correlated quantitatively with hemolytic properties.

Effects of Fullerene C60 Nanocomposites on Human Platelet Aggregation

“…We used PVP, Twin-80, and crown-ester as components of nanocomposites because water solutions of fullerene C 60 could not be used for PA studies [5]. Three series of experiments were carried out, each with platelets from blood specimens of 8 main immunohematological groups, each series with a special control group.…”

Toxicity evaluations of various carbon nanomaterials

“…Fiorito et al 22) reported that the cellular uptake of C60 by macrophage cells was very low, as low as that of purified SWCNTs, and that their cytotoxicity was lower than that of graphite. In contrast, cytotoxic results were reported for C60 derivatives indicating that the toxicity level depended on the ligands [16][17][18] . In addition, it was reported that tetrahydrofuran (THF) used for the purification and dispersion of C60 remained in C60 aggregates after the treatment and enhanced the cytotoxicity 37) .…”

Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Anticancer Agents

“…The complex nanoparticle manufacturing process presents many opportunities for endotoxin contamination, which is also a source for immune response. Other types of nanoparticles have also been associated with other hematologic safety concerns such as hemolysis and thrombogenicity, through nanoparticle-specific antibody or interactions of nanoparticles with erythrocyte and blood coagulation components (Dobrovolskaia and McNeil 2007;Bosi et al 2004;Greish et al 2011).…”