Hemoglobin: Physiology and Hemoglobinopathy

Yu, Soojie

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95975-3_4

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This study has shown that most of the children with SCD were coming from a family with a history of SCD thus, indicating that inheritable Haemoglobin disorders are common among the community in the Buhigwe district, Kigoma. A report by Yu and Mandal et al shows that over 12% worldwide population is at risk for Haemoglobin disorders and thus at least every clan and family has one child affected by sickle cell disease (SCD), sickle cell traits (SCT) or another abnormal hemoglobin gene (hemoglobin C or β-thalassemia) [13,24]. Finally, the presence of SCD among children from a family with no history of having SCD has been reported in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Sickle Cell Disease Among Children of Under the Age of Five Years at Heri Mission Hospital in Buhigwe District – Kigoma, Tanzania

Ally¹,

Mauti²

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Background: Sickle cell disease has become a common inherited hemoglobin disorder. Various reports have shown that a high mortality rate of children under five years of age was reported in the year 2022 in Tanzania. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of sickle cell disease (SCD) amongst children under five years of age and their family history at Heri Mission Hospital in Buhigwe District, Kigoma. Methods: A convenient cross-sectional study was carried out to enroll 204 children under the age of five years at Heri Mission Hospital. The collected data were subjected to analysis of variances using the statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.0.1.0 software (SPSS Inc., USA). The Chi-square test was utilized in comparing proportions and frequency of occurrence of Haemoglobin (Hb) in the variables at P < 0.05 as the significance of variance. Results: The prevalence of SCD among children under five years was 28.3% (103/364). Among the positively tested with SCD, the majority were female at 71.7% (65/91), whereas males were 28.3% (26/91). Family records of the children with SCD showed that the proportional of SCD was significantly higher among family members with SCD 73.1% (38/52) than none SCD (14/52) 26.9% (X2 = 7.513, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings in this research showed a high rate of SCD amongst children under five years, and the family history of the victims showed it’s inheritable. Recommendation: Health awareness and proper mitigation strategies need to be addressed on how to curb the SCD in Buhigwe District and Tanzania as a country.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Sickle Cell Disease Among Children of Under the Age of Five Years at Heri Mission Hospital in Buhigwe District – Kigoma, Tanzania

Ally¹,

Mauti²

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“…Hemoglobin is a tetrameric protein with two α- and two β-polypeptide chains; each chain has an iron-containing heme group, which is capable of binding one oxygen molecule. The oxygen dissociation curve displays a sigmoidal shape of the oxygen-binding equilibrium [ 13 ]. The oxygen-carrying iron in the hemoglobin molecule is normally in the reduced “ferrous” (Fe 2+ ) state; it is unable to bind oxygen if the hemoglobin molecule is oxidized to the “ferric” state (Fe 3+ ) to form methemoglobin (MetHb) [ 1 , 13 ].…”

Section: Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carriers (Hbocs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oxygen dissociation curve displays a sigmoidal shape of the oxygen-binding equilibrium [ 13 ]. The oxygen-carrying iron in the hemoglobin molecule is normally in the reduced “ferrous” (Fe 2+ ) state; it is unable to bind oxygen if the hemoglobin molecule is oxidized to the “ferric” state (Fe 3+ ) to form methemoglobin (MetHb) [ 1 , 13 ]. The unique ability of hemoglobin molecules to undergo conformational changes enables the hemoglobin molecules to bind/load more oxygen in the lungs (higher oxygen affinity) and release more oxygen in the tissue capillaries (lower oxygen affinity).…”

Section: Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carriers (Hbocs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unique ability of hemoglobin molecules to undergo conformational changes enables the hemoglobin molecules to bind/load more oxygen in the lungs (higher oxygen affinity) and release more oxygen in the tissue capillaries (lower oxygen affinity). Some allosteric effector molecules, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), which form inside RBCs as a glycolytic intermediate, helps hemoglobin’s reversible conformational regulation of oxygen-binding affinity [ 1 , 13 ]. Thus, in the design of oxygen-carrier molecules for the purpose of substituting allogeneic human blood, it is imperative to maintain such oxygen-carrying thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of natural hemoglobin molecules, to maintain the redox metabolic environment, and to minimize/avoid the irreversible methemoglobin formation [ 14 ].…”

Section: Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carriers (Hbocs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers: Where Are We Now in 2023?

2023

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The pursuit for blood a substitute has spanned over a century, but a majority of the efforts have been disappointing. As of today, there is no widely accepted product used as an alternative to human blood in clinical settings with severe anemic condition(s). Blood substitutes are currently also termed oxygen therapeutics. There are two major categories of oxygen therapeutics, hemoglobin-based and perfluorocarbon-based products. In this article, we reviewed the most developed but failed products and products still in active clinical research in the category of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Among all of the discussed hemoglobin-based oxygen therapeutics, HemAssist, PolyHeme, Hemolink, Hemospan, and Hemoximer were discontinued. Hemopure is in clinical use in South Africa and Russia. Oxyglobin, the sister product of Hemopure, has been approved for veterinary use in the European Union and the United States. HemO2life has recently been approved for organ preservation in organ transplantation in the European Union. OxyVita and Sanguinate are still undergoing active clinical studies. The field of oxygen therapeutics seems to be entering a phase of rapid growth in the coming 10–20 years.

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“…Hemoglobin (Hb), the main O 2 carrier in RBCs, facilitates O 2 delivery via its well-known oxygen-carrying function [ 21 ]. In adults, Hb consist of four subunits (α1, β1, α2, and β2) that form a tetrameric protein containing a central ferrous heme, enabling it to transport O 2 by binding reversibly to O 2 [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterial-related hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, with emphasis on liposome and nano-capsules, for biomedical applications: current status and future perspectives

Zhu,

Wang,

Xiao

et al. 2024

J Nanobiotechnol

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Oxygen is necessary for life and plays a key pivotal in maintaining normal physiological functions and treat of diseases. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been studied and developed as a replacement for red blood cells (RBCs) in oxygen transport due to their similar oxygen-carrying capacities. However, applications of HBOCs are hindered by vasoactivity, oxidative toxicity, and a relatively short circulatory half-life. With advancements in nanotechnology, Hb encapsulation, absorption, bioconjugation, entrapment, and attachment to nanomaterials have been used to prepare nanomaterial-related HBOCs to address these challenges and pend their application in several biomedical and therapeutic contexts. This review focuses on the progress of this class of nanomaterial-related HBOCs in the fields of hemorrhagic shock, ischemic stroke, cancer, and wound healing, and speculates on future research directions. The advancements in nanomaterial-related HBOCs are expected to lead significant breakthroughs in blood substitutes, enabling their widespread use in the treatment of clinical diseases. Graphical Abstract

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Hemoglobin: Physiology and Hemoglobinopathy

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Sickle Cell Disease Among Children of Under the Age of Five Years at Heri Mission Hospital in Buhigwe District – Kigoma, Tanzania

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Sickle Cell Disease Among Children of Under the Age of Five Years at Heri Mission Hospital in Buhigwe District – Kigoma, Tanzania

Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers: Where Are We Now in 2023?

Nanomaterial-related hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, with emphasis on liposome and nano-capsules, for biomedical applications: current status and future perspectives

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