Hemoglobin concentration is an independent determinant of heart failure in acute coronary syndromes: cohort analysis of 2310 patients

Impact of Anemia on In-Hospital, One-Month and One-Year Mortality in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome from the Middle East

“…Anemia was present in 28% of the ACS patients studied confirming that anemia is frequently found in patients with ACS, although the prevalence varies widely between 10% to 30% depending on the definition used in various studies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] In accordance with the findings linking anemia and poor clinical outcomes in ACS patients, this study demonstrated that ACS patients with anemia were more likely to be older, female, and associated with comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, chronic renal failure, and stroke; [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]18,19 thus identifying a high-risk population with poor hematopoetic reserve. They were more likely to present with lower systolic blood pressure, higher heart rates, and higher Killip class and GRACE risk scores.…”

“…8,20 Furthermore, the presence of anemia in ACS patients doubled the risk of CHF and cardiogenic shock. 4,5,8,9,18 However, these findings should be interpreted in the context of the study's limitations. It is possible that anemia may be a marker for poor outcomes rather than a mediator, and that residual confounding factors (in the relationship between anemia and mortality) cannot be excluded.…”

“…In this study, anemia <13 g/dL in men and <12 g/dL in women in a graded manner demonstrated increasing mortality, indicating that admission anemia per se (whether mild or severe) has a pronounced impact on survival in this MiddleEastern population. All the previous studies on this subject included a very defined subpopulation of patients with ACS and anemia [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] or included varying durations of follow-up, either 30-days or 1-year or more. This study demonstrated that admission anemia (WHO-defined) in all types of ACS at three levels of follow-up (in-hospital, 1-month and 1-year) was independently associated with increasing mortality.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] In addition, the need for blood transfusion due to anemia in the setting of ACS is associated with higher short-term mortality. 10 Furthermore, a low baseline hemoglobin level in ACS patients has been found to be an independent predictor of the risk of in-hospital major bleeding and risk of death and myocardial infarction at 30 days.…”

Prior and new onset anemia in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a different prognostic role?

“…It is reported to have a prevalence of 5-10% in patients with NSTEMI ACS [21], of 43% in elderly STEMI patients [22] and of 12.8% in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) [4]. In The impact of anemia on mortality in AMI patients is still under debate [24,25].…”