Hemoglobin-biocatalyzed synthesis of conducting molecular complex of polyaniline and lignosulfonate

Abstract

A new biocatalyst route for the synthesis of a conducting polyaniline (PANI)/ lignosulfonate (LGS) complex was presented. Four different catalysts such as hemoglobin (Hb), 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (meso-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin, iron (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine and ferric chloride were used to polymerize aniline in the presence of a natural polyelectrolytes template LGS. The experimental results show that Hb is an effective catalyst in this case and the synthesis is simple, and the conditions are mild in that the polymerization may be carried out in lower pH (1.0-4.0) buffered solution and optimal pH of 2.0. Varying concentrations of aniline, LGS and H 2 O 2 in feed the favorable conditions for the production of PANI were determined. UV-vis absorption, FTIR, elemental analysis, conductivity, cyclic voltammetry and thermogravimetric analyses confirm the formation of thermally stable and electroactive PANI.

Enzymatic oligomerization and polymerization of arylamines: state of the art and perspectives

“…However, in order for this to be successful, a template is required. For example, aniline was successfully polymerized using bovine hemoglobin, the heme-containing oxygen-transport protein, in the presence of various templates, such as SPS (Hu et al 2005c), lignosulfonate (Hu et al 2008), and micelles from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (Hu et al 2005a, b, 2006). The electrical and electrochemical characteristics of PANI synthesized with enzyme-mimics strongly depend on the surfactants used in the formation of micelles (Hu et al 2006).…”

“…Thus, Roy et al ( 2002 ) showed that the presence of lignosulfonate as a polyanionic template in the poly(ethylene glycol)-coupled hematin/aniline/H 2 O 2 reaction system yields PANI with desirable properties such as good electrical conductivity, redox/electrochemical activity, solubility/processability, thermal stability, biodegradability, and anticorrosion ability. 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis-(meso-hydroxyphenyl)-porphyrin (Hu et al 2008 ), iron(III) tetrasulfonated tetraphenyl-porphyrin (Nabid et al 2006b ), tetrapyridylporphyrin complexes of iron (III), manganese (III) and cobalt (III) (Nabid et al 2009b ), transition metal (iron, cobalt or manganese) tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (Nabid et al 2007b ), and iron (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine (Hu et al 2008 , 2009 ) were also used as biomimetic catalysts for the oxidative polymerization of aniline with H 2 O 2 . The intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of Fe 3 O 4 -NPs (Datta and Schuster 2008 , 2007a ) inspired Yang et al ( 2009 ) to perform SPS-templated Fe 3 O 4 -NPs-catalyzed oxidative polymerization of aniline with H 2 O 2 at pH 2.5, leading to the formation of PANI/Fe 3 O 4 -NPs composites.…”

Research Progress on Control Strategy of Intermetallic Compounds in Welding Process of Heterogeneous Materials

“…Electron beam welding has several advantages, such as a small heat‐affected zone, a narrow and deep weld, adjustable fusion ratio, high energy density, strong penetration ability, fast welding speed, and vacuum electron beam welding. [ 77–81 ]…”