Hemodynamic effects of pneumonia

Benson, Herbert; Akbarian, Mohammed; Adler, Lawrence N.; Abelmann, Walter H.

doi:10.1172/jci106292

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. It has been proposed that a reduction in pulmonary venous return leads to the activation of volume receptors and, consequently, to increased ADH secretion [ 7 ]. In accordance with this hypothesis, low-urine sodium has been reported in this clinical context [ 8 ].…”

Section: The Main Causes Of Hyponatremia In Hiv/aids Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV/AIDS-related hyponatremia: an old but still serious problem

Shu¹,

Tian

Chen

et al. 2018

Renal Failure

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Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitals. Many medical illnesses, including congestive heart failure, liver failure, renal failure and pneumonia, may be associated with hyponatremia. In addition, hyponatremia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC) was first reported in 1993. The evidence suggests that severe hyponatremia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients; however, the incidence of hyponatremic syndrome in HIV/AIDS patients remains very high in clinical practice, as almost 40% of HIV/AIDS inpatients in Xinjiang, a developing region of China, are hyponatremic. A method for identifying the pathogenesis and therapeutic treatments for hyponatremia in HIV/AIDS patients is needed. This review focuses on the clinical and pathophysiological aspects of hyponatremia and highlights the causes, presentation and treatment recommendations for hyponatremic patients with HIV/AIDS.

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Section: The Main Causes Of Hyponatremia In Hiv/aids Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV/AIDS-related hyponatremia: an old but still serious problem

Shu¹,

Tian

Chen

et al. 2018

Renal Failure

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“…These individuals may acquire pneumonia because of deteriorated immunological responses. 24 Furthermore, since pneumonia itself causes cardiac problems, 25 such as left ventricular dysfunction 26 , 27 or increased cardiac arrhythmias, 28 , 29 those who experienced cardiac complications along with pneumonia were more likely to die. 30 Therefore, walking may be important for individuals with heart disease because it enhances mucosal immune function in elderly individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Daily Walking Time With Pneumonia Mortality Among Elderly Individuals With or Without a Medical History of Myocardial Infarction or Stroke: Findings From the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

Ukawa

Zhao

Yatsuya

et al. 2019

Journal of Epidemiology

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Background The association between daily walking and pneumonia mortality, stratified by the presence of disease conditions, such as myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, was investigated. Methods The study participants were 22,280 Japanese individuals (9,067 men and 13,213 women) aged 65–79 years. Inverse propensity weighted competing risk model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for pneumonia mortality. Results After a median of 11.9 years of follow-up, 1,203 participants died of pneumonia. Participants who did not have a history of MI or stroke and who walked for 1 hour/day or more were less likely to die from pneumonia (HR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82–0.98) than those walked for 0.5 hours/day. A similar inverse association of pneumonia and walking (0.5 hours/day) was observed among participants with a history of MI (HR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48–0.90). Among the participants with a history of stroke, those who walked for 0.6–0.9 hours/day were less likely to die because of pneumonia (HR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43–0.98). Conclusions Regular walking for ≥1 hour/day may reduce the risk of pneumonia mortality in elderly individuals with or without cardiovascular disease history.

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“…The mismatch between myocardial oxygen demand and supply can lead to cardiac ischemia and infarction, especially in the presence of pre-existing coronary artery disease ( Corrales-Medina, Musher, Shachkina, & Chirinos, 2013 ). Volume overload due to impaired sodium and water metabolism ( Dreyfuss, Leviel, Paillard, Rahmani, & Coste, 1988 ), transient disturbance of endothelial function and vascular tone ( Benson, Akbarian, Adler, & Abelmann, 1970 ; Kumar, Wallace, Ramirez, Benson, & Abelmann, 1970 ) and cardiac arrhythmias ( Cilli et al, 2018 ) may also contribute to decreased left ventricular function or worsening of HF in patients with COVID-19.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Cardiovascular Complications In Covimentioning

confidence: 99%

Can N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids be considered a potential adjuvant therapy for COVID-19-associated cardiovascular complications?

Darwesh

Bassiouni

Sosnowski

et al. 2021

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has currently led to a global pandemic with millions of confirmed and increasing cases around the world. The novel SARS-CoV-2 not only affects the lungs causing severe acute respiratory dysfunction but also leads to significant dysfunction in multiple organs and physiological systems including the cardiovascular system. A plethora of studies have shown the viral infection triggers an exaggerated immune response, hypercoagulation and oxidative stress, which contribute significantly to poor cardiovascular outcomes observed in COVID-19 patients. To date, there are no approved vaccines or therapies for COVID-19. Accordingly, cardiovascular protective and supportive therapies are urgent and necessary to the overall prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Accumulating literature has demonstrated the beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) toward the cardiovascular system, which include ameliorating uncontrolled inflammatory reactions, reduced oxidative stress and mitigating coagulopathy. Moreover, it has been demonstrated the n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are precursors to a group of potent bioactive lipid mediators, generated endogenously, which mediate many of the beneficial effects attributed to their parent compounds. Considering the favorable safety profile for n-3 PUFAs and their metabolites, it is reasonable to consider n-3 PUFAs as potential adjuvant therapies for the clinical management of COVID-19 patients. In this article, we provide an overview of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications secondary to COVID-19 and focus on the mechanisms that may contribute to the likely benefits of n-3 PUFAs and their metabolites.

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Hemodynamic effects of pneumonia

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

HIV/AIDS-related hyponatremia: an old but still serious problem

HIV/AIDS-related hyponatremia: an old but still serious problem

Associations of Daily Walking Time With Pneumonia Mortality Among Elderly Individuals With or Without a Medical History of Myocardial Infarction or Stroke: Findings From the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

Can N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids be considered a potential adjuvant therapy for COVID-19-associated cardiovascular complications?

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