Hemodynamic and hormonal responses to a short-term low-intensity resistance exercise with the reduction of muscle blood flow

Takano, Haruhito; Morita, Toshihiro; Iida, Hidehiro; Asada, Kenichi; Kato, Masayoshi; Uno, Kansei; Hirose, Ken; Matsumoto, Akira; Takenaka, Katsu; Hirata, Yasunobu; Eto, Fumio; Nagai, Ryozo; Sato, Yoshiaki; Nakajima, Toshiaki

doi:10.1007/s00421-005-1389-1

Cited by 344 publications

(462 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…The BFR technique generally involves application of a tourniquet [34], inflatable cuff [35] or elastic knee wraps [36] at the top of each arm or leg to restrict blood flow into the muscle, and occlude blood flow out of the muscle. While elastic automated cuff systems have been developed and popularized in Japan, it may be more practical to employ inflatable cuffs or simple elastic wraps, particularly when large groups are performing BFR.…”

Section: Type Of Cuffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction: An Updated Evidence-Based Approach for Enhanced Muscular Development

Scott¹,

Loenneke

Slattery³

et al. 2014

Sports Med

247

281

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Key Points• The blood flow restriction (BFR) stimulus should be individualized for each participant. In particular, consideration should be given to the restrictive pressure applied and cuff width used.• BFR elicits the largest increases in muscular development when combined with low-load resistance exercise, though some benefits may be seen using BFR alone during immobilization or combined with low-workload cardiovascular exercise.• For healthy individuals, training adaptations are likely maximized by combining low-load BFR resistance exercise with traditional high-load resistance exercise. 2 AbstractA growing body of evidence supports the use of moderate blood flow restriction (BFR) combined with low-load resistance exercise to enhance hypertrophic and strength responses in skeletal muscle. Research also suggests that BFR during lowworkload aerobic exercise can result in small but significant morphological and strength gains, and BFR alone may attenuate atrophy during periods of unloading.While BFR appears to be beneficial for both clinical and athletic cohorts, there is currently no common consensus amongst scientists and practitioners regarding the best practice for implementing BFR methods. If BFR is not employed appropriately, there is a risk of injury to the participant. It is also important to understand how variations in the cuff application can affect the physiological responses and subsequent adaptation to BFR training. The optimal way to manipulate acute exercise variables, such as exercise type, load, volume, inter-set rest periods and training frequency, must also be considered prior to designing a BFR training program. The purpose of this review is to provide an evidence-based approach to implementing BFR exercise. These guidelines could be useful for practitioners using BFR training in either clinical or athletic settings, or for researchers in the design of future studies investigating BFR exercise.3

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Section: Type Of Cuffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction: An Updated Evidence-Based Approach for Enhanced Muscular Development

Scott¹,

Loenneke

Slattery³

et al. 2014

Sports Med

247

281

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Femoral blood flow was impaired using the KAATSU technique which also restricts venous blood flow causing pooling of blood in capacitance vessels distal to the cuff and partial occlusion of arterial blood flow (Takano et al, 2005;Iida et al, 2007;Nakajima et al, 2008). KAATSU belts, specifically designed for space flight (65 mm in width and 650 mm in length), were applied to the proximal ends of both thighs as near to the hip joint as possible.…”

Section: Kaatsu Blood Flow Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance exercise combined with KAATSU during simulated weightlessness

Kubota¹,

Takano²,

Tsutsumi³

et al. 2008

Int. J. KAATSU Ttaining Res.

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The application of a gravity-specific stress (e.g. LBNP), in combination with exercise, prevents cardiovascular deconditioning in space flight. KAATSU training is a method to induce blood pooling in capacitance vessels by restricting venous return (as with LBNP) and which when combined with lowintensity resistance (RE) exercise produces remarkable muscle mass and muscle strength gains. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic and neurohumonal responses induced by KAATSU in combination with leg RE (30 % 1 RM), during simulated weightlessness (6˚ head-down tilt for 24 h, n=7). Following 24 h bed rest 6˚ head-down tilt, body mass was decreased from 75.3 ± 3.9 to 73.3 ± 3.8 Kg (P<0.01). Blood volume (BV) and plasma volume (PV) were reduced by -4.4 ± 1.4% and -7.9 ± 2.5%, respectively. During RE, BV and PV were significantly decreased; the changes with KAATSU induced a lower-body venous pooling, resulting in a sustained decrease in stroke volume (SV; from 77.0 ± 4.4 ml to 55.9 ± 5.1 ml; P<0.01) that was comparable to resting SV while standing. Consequently, RE heart rate (HR) was greater with KAATSU. The serum concentrations of plasma renin activity (PRA), vasopressin (ADH), noradrenaline (NOR), and lactate were also significantly elevated during RE with KAATSU as compared to control RE. These hemodynamic and neurohumoral responses following head-down tilt and during RE closely approximate the gravity-specific stress observed with LBNP. Thus, when used in combination with RE, KAATSU may be a useful countermeasure in microgravity. Key words: KAATSU training, leg press, bed rest, plasma renin activity, noradrenaline ORIGINAL ARTICLECorrespondence to: Toshiaki Nakajima, MD, Department of Ischemic Circulatory Physiology, KAATSU Training, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan 113-8655 masamasa@pb4.so-net.ne.jp See end of article for authors' affiliations ProtocolSubjects maintained a 24-hour period of bed rest in -6˚head-down tilt position (-6˚bed rest). Transportation and toilet procedures were restricted to the head-down recumbent position. Subjects were allowed to rest on their elbows during meals and could move volitionally but remained horizontal to the bed. Subject's diet, fluid intake, and urine volume were monitored.After 24 h -6˚bed rest, control blood samples were taken. Following bed rest subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: one group performed leg press RE without KAATSU, followed by a 2-h rest interval and then repeated the leg press RE with KAATSU ( 150-160 mmHg cuff pressure; Fig.1). The other group performed leg press RE with KAATSU followed by a 2-h rest interval and then repeated the leg press RE without KAATSU. Hemodynamic parameters and venous blood samples were collected prior to, during, and following RE. All exercise was performed in the head-down tilt position. Immediately following RE, the KAATSU was released and hemodynamic parameters and blood samples were again collected during a 5-10 min recovery period. After 60 min recovery, the subjec...

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“…Aging has often been associated with hyposecretion of growth hormone (GH), and GH hyposecretion has been associated with muscle atrophy and depressive symptoms, thereby affecting patients QOL (Hull and Harvey, 2003). Although it is unclear how KAATSU exercise induces enhanced muscle strength and the mechanism of myopachynsis, it has been shown that a significant increase in GH level is observed immediately after KAATSU exercise (Takarada et al, 2000a;Takano et al, 2005;Abe et al, 2006). This observation indicates the possible involvement of increased GH level in the mechanism of myopachynsis in BFS patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%