Hemodialysis Patients with High-Flow Arteriovenous Fistulas: An Evaluation of the Impact on Cardiac Function

Abstract

Purpose: Patients undergoing hemodialysis often experience changes in cardiac function when they have a high-flow arteriovenous fistula (AVF). This study aimed to assess the effect of high-flow AVFs on cardiac function in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Materials and Methods:A longitudinal study was conducted on hemodialysis patients with high-flow AVFs. Echocardiographic parameters, such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), right ventricular end-diastolic dimension (RVEDD), inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, were measured and compared before and after AVF creation. Results: One hundred hemodialysis patients with high-flow AVFs (mean age: 55.95±13.39 years, mean body mass index: 24.71±3.43 kg/m²) were studied. LVEF significantly decreased (51.10%±5.39% to 47.50%±5.79%), while LAD, LVEDD, and IVCD significantly increased after AVF creation (P<0.05). Systolic (132.49±16.42 mmHg to 146.60±17.43 mmHg) and diastolic (79.98±8.40 mmHg to 83.33±9.68 mmHg) blood pressure substantially rose post-fistularization (P<0.001). Notably, LVEF reduction was more significant in brachio-cephalic AVFs (46.29%±4.24%) compared to distal radio-cephalic or snuffbox AVFs (49.17%±7.15%) (P=0.014). Conclusion: High-flow AVFs can significantly affect echocardiographic parameters in hemodialysis patients, thereby increasing the risk of cardiac failure. Close cardiac monitoring may be necessary for early intervention. Distal AVFs may be preferable in patients with decreased cardiac function.