Hemodialysis Patients Make Long-Lived Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 that May Be Associated with Reduced Reinfection

Abstract

Visual Abstract

Cross reactivity of spike glycoprotein induced antibody against Delta and Omicron variants before and after third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose

“…A distinct feature of the current study is the demonstration that in a cohort of haemodialysis (HD) patients that there is significant waning, 6 months post second dose, of vaccine-induced antibodies against the original vaccine-strain spike glycoprotein (Wuhan) and the Delta and Omicron VOC in comparison to healthy controls. This population of patients are at greater risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, are difficult to shield from infection as they need to attend hospital routinely and also can show diminished protection from vaccination, despite being capable of maintaining their antibody responses to this virus (9,17). In HD patients, seropositivity ranged from 34.4% to 62.2% six-months after their initial two-dose immunisation schedule, consistently lower than healthy-controls regardless of whether their primary vaccination schedule employed the PFZ or the AZ vaccine.…”

“…Secondly, individuals attending general practice for vaccination in Ulster who were considered Clinically Extremely Vulnerable (CEV) as part of The Pandemic Study, who received two doses of the AZ vaccine, followed by a third immunization of the PFZ vaccine. Lastly, individuals on haemodialysis under renal care at the University Hospitals Birmingham that had a mixture of two AZ vaccines or two PFZ vaccines followed by a PFZ booster (9). Samples were taken at 6 months following their 2 nd vaccination of their primary course, prior to the 3 rd booster vaccination with PFZ and also 28 days following vaccination.…”

COVID-19 in dialysis: clinical impact, immune response, prevention, and treatment

“…Following natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, the large majority of hemodialysis patients develop a robust antibody response 41,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] . These observations are somewhat counterintuitive in view of the high mortality rates of COVID-19 in the hemodialysis population and may be partially accounted for by survivor bias, since humoral responses may be better in patients that have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Lethal Covid‐19 in two vaccinated hemodialysis patients

“…Our cases alert about the risk of Covid‐19 in vaccinated hemodialysis patients. Although previous reports have shown that infections and vaccines [ 2 , 3 ] could provide high protection against Covid‐19 in hemodialysis patients, here we present two cases of acute respiratory failure resulting in death. These two cases have some interesting features.…”