Hemodialysis Fluid Composition

Breath Ammonia Analysis: Clinical Application and Measurement

“…Dialysate is a solution made specific to individual needs, and hence the concentrations of solute vary. However, the general composition consists of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, acetate, bicarbonate, and glucose [42]. Once the waste material is removed, the dialyser returns the clean blood to the body [40].…”

Potassium metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease. Part II: Patients on dialysis (stage 5)

“…In the acidotic patient potassium repletion is best done by the intravenous or oral routes and not via increasing dialysate potassium, because the gradient between the dialysate and plasma potassium may not be adequate enough to achieve sufficient transfer of potassium [3]. Some authors have hypothesized that the rapid removal of potassium during dialysis might limit the correction of metabolic acidosis, because the cellular hyperpolarization caused by a rapid fall in serum potassium, might interfere with the extraction of H + from the cells and the cellular uptake of bicarbonate [10,11].…”

A Simplified Method for Adequate Hemodialysis

“…This is a different approach to 'a tailored' dialysis. All these profiles however must be designed in advance [6]. The decision depends on previous clinical observations.…”

“…3). In that sense hemodialysis fluid should be considered as the temporary extension of the extracellular fluid [6]. It is obvious that from this physiological view the hemodialysis technique has to satisfy certain basic requirements:…”

“…Its importance has been underlined early [7][8][9] and it could be regarded as a 'drug' [6]. It should be composed in accordance to the need of the extracellular fluid, that means it should be regarded as an individual fluid of high hygienic standard and all kinds of hemodialysis machines must be able to deliver this fluid.…”