Hemocyanin Suggests a Close Relationship of Remipedia and Hexapoda

Ertas, Beyhan; Reumont, Björn M. von; Wägele, Johann‐Wolfgang; Misof, Bernhard; Burmester, Thorsten

doi:10.1093/molbev/msp186

Cited by 59 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The latter result (crustacean paraphyly) arises from the use of methodologies that are more philosophically sound, that is, implied character weights rather than equal weights (see Methods for justification of implied weights), and more comprehensive taxon sampling, that is, including extinct and extant taxa rather than extant alone. When myriapods were removed from these data sets, the remipedes (plus the Silurian fossil Tanazios 28 in the total data set) resolved as the closest extant sister taxon to hexapods (and euthycarcinoids), thus retrieving crustacean paraphyly and mirroring the molecular support for a remipede sister group to hexapods 1,2,29 (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod fossil data increase congruence of morphological and molecular phylogenies

2013

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The relationships of major arthropod clades have long been contentious, but refinements in molecular phylogenetics underpin an emerging consensus. Nevertheless, molecular phylogenies have recovered topologies that morphological phylogenies have not, including the placement of hexapods within a paraphyletic Crustacea, and an alliance between myriapods and chelicerates. Here we show enhanced congruence between molecular and morphological phylogenies based on 753 morphological characters for 309 fossil and Recent panarthropods. We resolve hexapods within Crustacea, with remipedes as their closest extant relatives, and show that the traditionally close relationship between myriapods and hexapods is an artefact of convergent character acquisition during terrestrialisation. The inclusion of fossil morphology mitigates long-branch artefacts as exemplified by pycnogonids: when fossils are included, they resolve with euchelicerates rather than as a sister taxon to all other euarthropods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod fossil data increase congruence of morphological and molecular phylogenies

2013

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“…However, recent molecular studies have strongly suggested that either Remipedia or Remipedia + Cephalocarida is most closely related to Hexapoda [11,45-47]. Therefore, the inclusion of samples from Remipedia and Cephalocarida in our future analyses is highly desirable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Hexapoda and suggest the paraphyly of Entognatha

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMolecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed that Hexapoda and Crustacea form a common clade (the Pancrustacea), which is now widely accepted among zoologists; however, the origin of Hexapoda remains unresolved. The main problems are the unclear relationships among the basal hexapod lineages, Protura (proturans), Collembola (springtails), Diplura (diplurans), and Ectognatha (bristletails, silverfishes, and all winged insects). Mitogenomic analyses have challenged hexapod monophyly and suggested the reciprocal paraphyly of Hexapoda and Crustacea, whereas studies based on nuclear molecular data support the monophyletic origin of hexapods. Additionally, there are significant discrepancies with respect to these issues between the results of morphological and molecular studies. To investigate these problems, we performed phylogenetic analyses of Pancrustacea based on the protein sequences of three orthologous nuclear genes encoding the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta and the largest and second largest subunits of RNA polymerase II from 64 species of arthropods, including representatives of all hexapod orders.ResultsPhylogenetic analyses were conducted based on the inferred amino acid (aa) sequences (~3400 aa in total) of the three genes using the maximum likelihood (ML) method and Bayesian inference. Analyses were also performed with additional datasets generated by excluding long-branch taxa or by using different outgroups. These analyses all yielded essentially the same results. All hexapods were clustered into a common clade, with Branchiopoda as its sister lineage, whereas Crustacea was paraphyletic. Within Hexapoda, the lineages Ectognatha, Palaeoptera, Neoptera, Polyneoptera, and Holometabola were each confirmed to be monophyletic with robust support, but monophyly was not supported for Entognatha (Protura + Collembola + Diplura), Ellipura (Protura + Collembola), or Nonoculata (Protura + Diplura). Instead, our results showed that Protura is the sister lineage to all other hexapods and that Diplura or Diplura + Collembola is closely related to Ectognatha.ConclusionThis is the first study to include all hexapod orders in a phylogenetic analysis using multiple nuclear protein-coding genes to investigate the phylogeny of Hexapoda, with an emphasis on Entognatha. The results strongly support the monophyletic origin of hexapods but reject the monophyly of Entognatha, Ellipura, and Nonoculata. Our results provided the first molecular evidence in support of Protura as the sister group to other hexapods. These findings are expected to provide additional insights into the origin of hexapods and the processes involved in the adaptation of insects to life on land.

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“…Recent molecular and morphological studies have placed crustaceans along with hexapods into a pancrustacean clade (Figure 1A), revealing that crustaceans are paraphyletic (Mallatt et al, 2004; Cook et al, 2005; Regier et al, 2005; Ertas et al, 2009; Richter, 2002). Previously, the only available fully sequenced crustacean genome was that of the water flea Daphnia which is a member of the Branchiopoda (Colbourne et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of the crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis, a model for animal development, regeneration, immunity and lignocellulose digestion

Kao

Lai

Stamataki

et al. 2016

eLife

143

138

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The amphipod crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis is a blossoming model system for studies of developmental mechanisms and more recently regeneration. We have sequenced the genome allowing annotation of all key signaling pathways, transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs that will enhance ongoing functional studies. Parhyale is a member of the Malacostraca clade, which includes crustacean food crop species. We analysed the immunity related genes of Parhyale as an important comparative system for these species, where immunity related aquaculture problems have increased as farming has intensified. We also find that Parhyale and other species within Multicrustacea contain the enzyme sets necessary to perform lignocellulose digestion ('wood eating'), suggesting this ability may predate the diversification of this lineage. Our data provide an essential resource for further development of Parhyale as an experimental model. The first malacostracan genome will underpin ongoing comparative work in food crop species and research investigating lignocellulose as an energy source.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20062.001

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Hemocyanin Suggests a Close Relationship of Remipedia and Hexapoda

Cited by 59 publications

References 62 publications

Arthropod fossil data increase congruence of morphological and molecular phylogenies

Arthropod fossil data increase congruence of morphological and molecular phylogenies

Molecular phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Hexapoda and suggest the paraphyly of Entognatha

The genome of the crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis, a model for animal development, regeneration, immunity and lignocellulose digestion

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