Hemoconcentration induced by exercise: Revisiting the <scp>D</scp>ill and <scp>C</scp>ostill equation

Alis, Rafael; Sanchís-Gomar, Fabián; Primo-Carrau, Cristina; Lozano-Calve, Sheyla; Dipalo, Mariella; Aloe, Rosalia; Blesa, Rafael; Romagnoli, Marco; Lippi, Giuseppe

doi:10.1111/sms.12393

Cited by 48 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the present study, exercise significantly increased plasma albumin, what is in line with previous studies that attributed this finding to an exercise-induced reduction in plasma volume (Novosadová 1977 ; Iwato et al 1993 ; Haskell et al 1997 ; Kargotich et al 1998 ; Alis et al 2015 ). At the level of peak exercise intensity, there was no significant difference in the albumin concentration between normoxia and hypoxia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Changes in acid–base and ion balance during exercise in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia

et al. 2017

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PurposeBoth exercise and hypoxia cause complex changes in acid–base homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether during intense physical exercise in normoxia and hypoxia, the modified physicochemical approach offers a better understanding of the changes in acid–base homeostasis than the traditional Henderson–Hasselbalch approach.MethodsIn this prospective, randomized, crossover trial, 19 healthy males completed an exercise test until voluntary fatigue on a bicycle ergometer on two different study days, once during normoxia and once during normobaric hypoxia (12% oxygen, equivalent to an altitude of 4500 m). Arterial blood gases were sampled during and after the exercise test and analysed according to the modified physicochemical and Henderson–Hasselbalch approach, respectively.ResultsPeak power output decreased from 287 ± 9 Watts in normoxia to 213 ± 6 Watts in hypoxia (−26%, P < 0.001). Exercise decreased arterial pH to 7.21 ± 0.01 and 7.27 ± 0.02 (P < 0.001) during normoxia and hypoxia, respectively, and increased plasma lactate to 16.8 ± 0.8 and 17.5 ± 0.9 mmol/l (P < 0.001). While the Henderson–Hasselbalch approach identified lactate as main factor responsible for the non-respiratory acidosis, the modified physicochemical approach additionally identified strong ions (i.e. plasma electrolytes, organic acid ions) and non-volatile weak acids (i.e. albumin, phosphate ion species) as important contributors.ConclusionsThe Henderson–Hasselbalch approach might serve as basis for screening acid–base disturbances, but the modified physicochemical approach offers more detailed insights into the complex changes in acid–base status during exercise in normoxia and hypoxia, respectively.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3712-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Changes in acid–base and ion balance during exercise in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia

et al. 2017

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“…Plasma albumin values were used to estimate hemoconcentration during and after the exercise as follows26: where P-albumin is in g/L and “parameter” denotes P-suPAR (ng/mL) or P-high-sensitivity CRP (µg/mL).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Acute Exercise on Circulating Soluble Form of the Urokinase Receptor in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder

et al. 2017

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Inflammation has been proposed to play a role in the generation of depressive symptoms. Previously, we demonstrated that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have increased plasma levels of the soluble form of the urokinase receptor (suPAR), a marker for low-grade inflammation. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that acute exercise would induce inflammatory response characterized by increased suPAR and elucidate whether patients with MDD display altered levels of suPAR in response to acute exercise. A total of 17 patients with MDD and 17 controls were subjected to an exercise challenge. Plasma suPAR (P-suPAR) was analyzed before, during, and after exercise. There was a significantly higher baseline P-suPAR in the patients with MDD, and the dynamic changes of P-suPAR during the exercise were significantly lower in the patients with MDD, compared with the controls. This study supports the hypothesis that an activation of systemic inflammatory processes, measured as elevated P-suPAR, is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. The study concludes that P-suPAR is influenced by acute exercise, most likely due to release from activated neutrophils.

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“…Nevertheless, others showed that a single 20s "all-out" cycling sprint induced a significant rise in serum SPARC but that correcting circulating SPARC levels with the exercise-induced changes in plasma volume negated this effect (Songsorn et al, 2017). This finding highlights the importance of measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin levels preand postexercise to verify that the potential exercise-induced alterations in circulating protein concentrations are not due to the changes in plasma volume after exercise (Alis et al, 2015;Dill and Costill, 1974).…”

Section: Sparcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Myokine Concentrations After Acute Exercise in Non-obese and Obese Sedentary Women

et al. 2020

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Exercise and physical activity levels influence myokine release from skeletal muscle and contribute to circulating concentrations. Indeed, many myokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-15, secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine (SPARC), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 are higher in the circulation after an exercise bout. Since these peptides modulate muscle metabolism and can also be targeted toward other tissues to induce adaptations to energy demand, they are of great interest regarding metabolic diseases. Therefore, we set out to compare, in six women with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ) and five healthy women (BMI 22-29.9 kg/m 2 ), the effect of an acute bout of moderate-intensity, continuous cycling exercise (60 min, 60% VO 2 peak) on the release of myokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, SPARC, and FGF21) in plasma for a 24-h time course. We found that plasma IL-8 and SPARC levels were reduced in the group of women with obesity, whereas plasma IL-13 concentrations were elevated in comparison to nonobese women both before and after the exercise bout. We also found that plasma FGF21 concentration during the 24 h following the bout of exercise was regulated differently in the non-obese in comparison to obese women. Plasma concentrations of FGF21, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and IL-18 were regulated by acute exercise. Our results confirm the results of others concerning exercise regulation of circulating myokines while providing insight into the time course of myokine release in circulation after an acute exercise bout and the differences in circulating myokines after exercise in women with or without obesity.

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Hemoconcentration induced by exercise: Revisiting the Dill and Costill equation

Cited by 48 publications

References 20 publications

Changes in acid–base and ion balance during exercise in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia

Changes in acid–base and ion balance during exercise in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia

Effects of Acute Exercise on Circulating Soluble Form of the Urokinase Receptor in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder

Plasma Myokine Concentrations After Acute Exercise in Non-obese and Obese Sedentary Women

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