Hemoadhican, a Tissue Adhesion Hemostatic Material Independent of Blood Coagulation

Abstract

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a leading cause of death, emphasizing the need for novel hemostatic agents. Here, a novel hemostatic polysaccharide hemoadhican (HD) is screened out by analyzing the rheological properties of screened material mixed blood sludges, which is prepared by mixing polysaccharide granules and whole blood to mimic the coagulation in vitro. HD is produced by a bacterial isolate Paenibacillus sp.1229, and the repeating units of HD are →)‐α‐L‐Rhap‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐Glcp‐(1→4)[4,6‐ethylidene‐α‐D‐Galp‐(1→4)‐α‐D‐Glcp‐(1→3)]‐α‐D‐Manp‐(1→. Compared to chitosan and celox, HD achieves more effective hemostasis in animal models with mouse and rat femoral arteries, rat carotid arteries, and rabbit femoral arteries. Especially, HD maintains an excellent hemostatic capability in animals with heparin‐induced hemorrhage diathesis. In vitro experiments show HD granules can quickly absorb a small amount of blood component to create a hemophobic blood sludge resistant to high pressure. The blood sludge firmly adheres to damaged tissue and efficiently repels blood. In vitro experiments show that HD does not actively trigger blood coagulation cascade and is independent of blood conditions including heparin treatment. In addition, HD moisturizes wounds and accelerates wound healing, exhibiting excellent biodegradability, and hemocompatibility. The results indicate that HD is a promising hemostatic material for treating traumatic hemorrhages and uncontrollable surgical bleeding.

Hemoadhican-Based Bioabsorbable Hydrogel for Preventing Postoperative Adhesions

“…Stable and excellent in vivo adhesion is crucial for the efficacy and clinical convenience of antiadhesion barrier materials. , The long-chain polymer HD has a distinctive composition that allows it to bond securely with substances in blood or tissue fluid, creating a durable and liquid-repelling blend at the injury site . This mixture can withstand ongoing pressure in the body, preventing adhesion formation during the critical postoperative period.…”

“…This structure enables HD to quickly absorb liquid, cross-linking with other components in blood or tissue fluid, and display unique mechanical and adhesive properties. 40 The cross-linking reaction used to synthesize hydrogels does not affect the inherent structure and function of natural HD polysaccharide. 62 In HD hydrogels, intermolecular hydrogen bonds and mechanical interlocking of long-chain polymers contribute to maintaining a tunable network microstructure, providing the hydrogel with self-healing capabilities and mechanical stability on a larger scale.…”

“…79,80 HD has been proven to rapidly absorb small quantities of blood, firmly adhere to injured tissues through a repel-crosslinking mechanism, and not trigger extra inflammatory reactions, making it advantageous for treating surgical wounds with bleeding. 40 The plentiful branched chain structures of HD help it form a brush-like conformation on hydrogel surfaces, resulting in significant antifouling properties. HD hydrogels are synthesized by cross-linking HD and the epoxy cross-linking agent PEGDE in alkaline conditions, with any residual unreacted PEGDE removed through dialysis washing.…”

“…1,63 The long-chain polymer HD has a distinctive composition that allows it to bond securely with substances in blood or tissue fluid, creating a durable and liquid-repelling blend at the injury site. 40 This mixture can withstand ongoing pressure in the body, preventing adhesion formation during the critical postoperative period. HD hydrogel has good flowability and spreadability, making it applicable to complex tissue surfaces without requiring extra securing agents.…”

“…1229 was performed as previously described. 40 The strain no. CCTCC M 2 022 553 is currently being preserved at the China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan, China.…”