Hemispheric climate shifts driven by anthropogenic aerosol–cloud interactions

Chung, Eunhyea; Soden, Brian J.

doi:10.1038/ngeo2988

Cited by 62 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Regional emissions removal of black carbon (BC) and sulfur dioxide alone both increase global mean precipitation in some cases, despite opposite-signed ERF, highlighting the uncertainties remaining in 25 BC aerosol impacts on precipitation. Precipitation response is weakest and largely lacks statistical significance in GISS-E2, partially attributed to the lack of a cloud lifetime effect and thus a weaker aerosol indirect effect, which was recently found to dominate tropical precipitation response to aerosols (Chung & Soden, 2017). Our results further support this conclusion, as we find the weakest radiative forcing and precipitation response in GISS-E2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…S2 correlates precipitation responses from coupled model simulations with aerosol ERF, which may explain the discrepancy. Recently, Chung and Soden (2017) showed that aerosol indirect effects could dominate precipitation responses to aerosol perturbations, consistent with our finding that GISS-E2, lacking an aerosol cloud lifetime effect, has the smallest precipitation response. 30…”

Section: Models and Simulationssupporting

confidence: 79%

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Connecting regional aerosol emissions reductions to local and remote precipitation responses

Westervelt¹,

Conley²,

Fiore³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Models and Simulationssupporting

confidence: 79%

Connecting regional aerosol emissions reductions to local and remote precipitation responses

Westervelt¹,

Conley²,

Fiore³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…An upper‐tropospheric strong large‐scale divergence flow is observed from the SH to the NH within deep tropics, consistently with the anomalous ascent (descent) motion in the southern (northern) tropics. The divergent flow enhances the cross‐hemispheric meridional dry static energy transport, counteracting the interhemispheric asymmetry in aerosol radiative cooling and smoothing the temperature gradient within the tropics (Chung & Soden, ; Hwang et al, ). This change in the large‐scale atmospheric circulation in the upper troposphere, in turn, drives the low‐level cross‐equatorial wind in the opposite direction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model Investigation of Aerosol‐Induced Changes in the East Asian Winter Monsoon

Liu

Ming

Wang

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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The response of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) circulation to aerosols is studied using a coupled atmosphere‐slab ocean general circulation model. In the extratropics, the aerosol‐induced cooling in the midlatitudes leads to an intensified subtropical jet stream, a deepened East Asian trough, and thus an enhanced EAWM. In the tropics, the local Hadley circulation shifts southward to compensate for the interhemispheric asymmetry in aerosol radiative cooling. Anomalous subsidence at around 10°N leads to a salient anticyclone to the southwest of the Philippines. The associated southwesterlies advect abundant moisture to South China, resulting in local precipitation increases and suggesting a weaker EAWM. The EAWM response to aerosol forcing is thus driven by a competition between tropical and extratropical mechanisms, which has important implications for the future monsoon evolution, as aerosol changes may follow different regional‐dependent trajectories.

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“…The single forcing experiments show that the uptake associated with GHG forcing was similar for both hemispheres, with AAs canceling that GHG contribution in the NH but having negligible influence in the SH. The largest ensemble spread was at the TOA in the NH, which has been shown to be related to large intermodel differences in aerosol‐mediated cloud response (Chung & Soden, ).…”

Section: The Excess Heat Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic Aerosols, Greenhouse Gases, and the Uptake, Transport, and Storage of Excess Heat in the Climate System

Irving

Wijffels

Church

2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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The largest contributor to the planetary energy imbalance is well‐mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs), which are partially offset by poorly mixed (and thus northern midlatitude dominated) anthropogenic aerosols (AAs). To isolate the effects of GHGs and AAs, we analyze data from the CMIP5 historical (i.e., all natural and anthropogenic forcing) and single forcing (GHG‐only and AA‐only) experiments. Over the duration of the historical experiment (1861–2005) excess heat uptake at the top of the atmosphere and ocean surface occurs almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, with AAs canceling the influence of GHGs in the Northern Hemisphere. This interhemispheric asymmetry in surface heat uptake is eliminated by a northward oceanic transport of excess heat, as there is little hemispheric difference in historical ocean heat storage after accounting for ocean volume. Data from the 1pctCO2 and RCP 8.5 experiments suggests that the future storage of excess heat will be skewed toward the Northern Hemisphere oceans.

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Hemispheric climate shifts driven by anthropogenic aerosol–cloud interactions

Cited by 62 publications

References 43 publications

Connecting regional aerosol emissions reductions to local and remote precipitation responses

Connecting regional aerosol emissions reductions to local and remote precipitation responses

A Model Investigation of Aerosol‐Induced Changes in the East Asian Winter Monsoon

Anthropogenic Aerosols, Greenhouse Gases, and the Uptake, Transport, and Storage of Excess Heat in the Climate System

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